Chapter 13- The Endocrine System (Hicks – Biology 109)

Which of these glands secretes releasing hormones?

A) hypothalamus
B) adrenal cortex
C) thymus
D) ovaries
E) testes

A) hypothalamus

Which of these hormones are responsible for the "fight or flight" response to danger?

A) insulin and glucagon
B) thyroxine and calcitonin
C) androgens and estrogens
D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
E) epinephrine and norepinephrine

E) epinephrine and norepinephrine

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) triggers the release of _____ in response to stress.

A) melatonin
B) insulin
C) glucocorticoids
D) thymosin
E) parathyroid hormone

C) glucocorticoids

_____ are the main male hormones.

A) Progesterones
B) Mineralocorticoids
C) Androgens
D) Luteinizing hormones
E) Estrogens

C) Androgens

What hormone promotes water retention by the kidneys?

A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
B) prolactin
C) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) melatonin
E) glucagon

C) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone?

A) calcitonin
B) insulin
C) thyroxine
D) thymosin
E) glucagon

A) calcitonin

Which hormone stimulates hormone production by the ovaries and testes?

A) progesterone
B) testosterone
C) glucocorticoids
D) luteinizing hormone (LH)
E) estrogens

D) luteinizing hormone (LH)

Which hormone stimulates milk production?

A) parathyroid hormone
B) mineralocorticoids
C) prolactin
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
E) thymosin

C) prolactin

Which of these endocrine disorders is associated with the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin?

A) Type 1 diabetes mellitus
B) Addison’s disease
C) diabetes insipidus
D) Type 2 diabetes mellitus

A) Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Which of these statements comparing the nervous system and the endocrine system is true?

A) The nervous system enables more rapid communication and signaling than does the endocrine system.
B) The nervous system is fully functioning at birth, whereas the endocrine system doesn’t begin to function until puberty.
C) The nervous system can access and communicate with all cells in the body, whereas the access of the endocrine system to different cells and tissues is more limited.
D) The endocrine system exclusively controls development, whereas the nervous system controls homeostasis.

A) The nervous system enables more rapid communication and signaling than does the endocrine system.

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

A) ADH: diabetes insipidus
B) thyroid: Grave’s disease
C) cortisol: Cushing’s syndrome
D) insulin: diabetes insipidus

D) insulin: diabetes insipidus

The target cells of an endocrine gland __________.

A) respond to all endocrine hormones released by all endocrine glands
B) have specific receptors for the hormone
C) are connected to the gland by nerve cells
D) will always be in close proximity to the gland

B) have specific receptors for the hormone

Which of the following tissues/organs is NOT a member of the endocrine system?

A) kidney
B) adrenal gland
C) thyroid gland
D) salivary gland
E) stomach

D) salivary gland

All of the following statements about the endocrine system are TRUE EXCEPT which one?

A) The endocrine system and the nervous system frequently interact.
B) Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system.
C) Hormones exert their effects on cells that have the specific hormone receptor.
D) Many hormones are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier.
E) Hormones are distributed via the circulatory system.

B) Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system.

Receptors for nonsteroid hormones are located in _____.

A) the extracellular fluid
B) the cytoplasm
C) the nucleus
D) the cytosol
E) association with a cell’s plasma membrane

E) association with a cell’s plasma membrane

Which of these is a nonsteroid hormone?

A) estrogen
B) testosterone
C) both estrogen and testosterone
D) oxytocin
E) epinephrine and oxytocin

E) epinephrine and oxytocin

__________ hormones enter target cells and bind to intracellular receptors, whereas __________ hormones bind to cell membrane receptors and never enter the target cells.

A) Protein; peptide
B) Steroid; carbohydrate
C) Nonsteroid; steroid
D) Steroid; nonsteroid

D) Steroid; nonsteroid

Secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland is closely regulated by the __________.

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebellum
C) adrenal cortex
D) posterior pituitary gland

A) hypothalamus

Which two hormones most directly regulate lactation?

A) progesterone and oxytocin
B) estrogen and progesterone
C) oxytocin and prolactin
D) estrogen and prolactin

C) oxytocin and prolactin

Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland control the activity of all of the following glands, EXCEPT the __________.

A) thyroid gland
B) adrenal medulla
C) ovaries
D) testes

B) adrenal medulla

The anterior pituitary gland produces all of the following EXCEPT which one?

A) ADH
B) ACTH
C) TSH
D) PRL
E) LH

A) ADH

Luteinizing hormone is considered a gonadotropin because of which one of the following reasons?

A) It triggers the production of gonadotropin hormones.
B) It promotes the growth of reproductive organs in both males and females.
C) It functions to complement the activity of TSH.
D) It stimulates the growth but not the development of gonads in males.
E) It stimulates the growth and development of gonads, but only in females.

B) It promotes the growth of reproductive organs in both males and females.

Hyposecretion of ADH results in:

A) an increase in the mass and length of bones
B) diabetes insipidus
C) overstimulation of cell division
D) reduced uptake of blood glucose
E) stimulation of protein synthesis

B) diabetes insipidus

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in

A) acromegaly
B) gigantism
C) dwarfism
D) diabetes insipidus
E) a drop in blood glucose levels

C) dwarfism

The structure that controls hormone release by both the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary is the ________.

A) posterior pituitary
B) hypothalamus
C) thalamus
D) anterior pituitary
E) thyroid gland

B) hypothalamus

From which part of the pituitary are the hypothalamic hormones (antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin) released?

A) anterior pituitary
B) both lobes of the pituitary
C) posterior pituitary
D) neither lobe of the pituitary, but rather the stalk connecting the pituitary to the hypothalamus

C) posterior pituitary

How do releasing hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland?

A) They are secreted from the neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus directly into the posterior pituitary. The posterior pituitary then relays a releasing signal to the anterior pituitary.
B) They are released near blood vessels (a capillary bed) in the hypothalamus, travel a short distance, and diffuse out around the cells of the anterior pituitary.
C) y are released into the bloodstream in the hypothalamus and travel to the posterior pituitary. The posterior pituitary then sends a chemical signal to the anterior pituitary and the appropriate hormones are released.
D) They are secreted from the neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus directly onto the endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary.

B) They are released near blood vessels (a capillary bed) in the hypothalamus, travel a short distance, and diffuse out around the cells of the anterior pituitary.

The most accurate statement about FSH is ________.

A) FSH is produced in the posterior pituitary and stimulates egg development
B) FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates testosterone production
C) FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates ovulation
D) FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both sperm production and egg development
E) FSH is produced in the posterior pituitary and stimulates sperm production

D) FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both sperm production and egg development

The most accurate statement about LH is ________.

A) LH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates egg development
B) LH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates sperm production
C) LH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both testosterone production and ovulation
D) LH is produced in the posterior pituitary and stimulates testosterone production
E) LH is produced in the posterior pituitary and stimulates ovulation

C) LH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both testosterone production and ovulation

Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete _____________, whereas beta cells secrete _______________.

A) somatostatin; glucagon
B) gastrin; insulin
C) growth hormone; insulin
D) glucagon; insulin

D) glucagon; insulin

Which of the following statements about glucagon is true?

A) Glucagon causes glycogen to break down to form glucose.
B) Glucagon secretion is highest following a heavy meal.
C) Glucagon promotes the uptake of glucose by liver and muscle cells.
D) Glucagon works with cortisol to lower blood glucose levels.

A) Glucagon causes glycogen to break down to form glucose.

Which of the following hormones will be most active after 24 hours without food?

A) insulin
B) glucagon
C) oxytocin
D) aldosterone

B) glucagon

Cortisol production occurs in the __________ and is stimulated by __________.

A) adrenal cortex; ACTH
B) adrenal medulla; FSH
C) thymus gland; growth hormone
D) thyroid gland; TSH

A) adrenal cortex; ACTH

Which one of the following causes the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla?

A) Parasympathetic nerves
B) Sympathetic nerves
C) Releasing hormone from the hypothalamus
D) ACTH from the anterior pituitary
E) AMTH form the anterior pituitary

B) Sympathetic nerves

Which of the following would be triggered by a drop in blood Ca2+ levels?

A) increase in PTH secretion
B) decrease in calcitonin secretion
C) increase in ADH secretion
D) both increase in PTH secretion and decrease in calcitonin secretion

D) both increase in PTH secretion and decrease in calcitonin secretion

Which one of the following is required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced?

A) iron
B) calcium
C) iodine
D) zinc
E) phosphorus

C) iodine

The effect of parathyroid hormone is to ________ blood calcium levels.

raise

Calcitonin and PTH have opposing effects on blood calcium levels. (True/False?)

True

The kidneys secrete both __________.

A) renin and erythropoietin
B) aldosterone and ADH
C) secretin and cholecystokinin
D) histamine and prostaglandins

A) renin and erythropoietin

Thymosin and thymopoietin are secreted by the ________.

A) thyroid
B) adrenal cortex
C) pituitary gland
D) thymus

D) thymus

What hormone causes release of the egg from the ovary?

LH

What hormone stimulates cell uptake of glucose by cells throughout the body?

insulin

What hormone stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex?

ACTH

What hormone causes ejection of milk into ducts during breast-feeding?

oxytocin

What hormone promotes sodium uptake and potassium excretion?

aldosterone

What hormone lowers blood calcium levels?

calcitonin