|
__________ are receptors that can respond to painful stimuli. Mechanoreceptors |
Nociceptors |
|
Which of the following is NOT used to classify sensory receptors? structural complexity |
the number of dendritic endings present |
|
In order for you to realize there has been a sensory change, it has to reach the __________ level of processing. circuit |
? |
|
__________ do NOT exhibit the property of adaptation. Phasic receptors |
Tonic receptors |
|
CNS nerve fibers regenerate because of the actions of Schwann cells. True |
False |
|
Choose the FALSE statement about nerves. Nerves can carry only sensory information, only motor information, or a mixture of sensory and motor information. Axons make up a majority of the matter in a nerve. Nerve axons are surrounded by a loose connective tissue layer called the endoneurium. Nerves consist of parallel bundles of myelinated and nonmyelinated axons. |
Axons make up a majority of the matter in a nerve. |
|
Spinal nerves are all classified as __________. sensory nerves |
mixed nerves |
|
In carpal tunnel syndrome, the __________ is compressed. radial nerve |
median nerve |
|
Which of the following lists the hierarchy of motor control from lowest to highest level of control? |
segmental level, projection level, precommand level |
|
Segmental refers to which level of motor control? brain stem |
spinal cord |
|
The knee-jerk reflex is an example of a __________. flexor reflex |
stretch reflex |
|
The sensory division of the PNS is also known as the efferent division. True |
True All of the sensory information is considered afferent, or flowing toward the CNS. Efferent means "from the CNS." |
|
Three main levels of neural integration operate in the somatosensory system. Which level involves the spinal cord? perceptual level |
circuit level Processing at the circuit level involves the transmission of action potentials along ascending pathways. These pathways deliver impulses to the appropriate regions of the cerebral cortex for localization and perception of the stimulus. |
|
Sensory stimuli that activate receptors generate action potentials that are sent into the CNS. True |
False Sensory stimuli that activate receptors generate graded potentials that are sent into the CNS. |
|
The hyperalgesia that is common in phantom limb pain could be blocked if a new drug was developed that could prevent (without triggering any side-effects) the ______. diffusion of calcium ions through NMDA receptors |
diffusion of calcium ions through NMDA receptors Diffusion of calcium ions through these receptors cause a depolarizing event and activate and action potential in the neuron. |
|
Which of the following characteristics is representative of receptor-level processing, NOT perceptual-level processing? magnitude |
transduction Transduction is converting a stimulus into a nervous signal; this happens at the receptor level. |
|
A dermatome represents the motor innervation of muscles in that area. True |
False Dermatomes represent sensory innervations of the underlying skin. |
|
What motor structure inhibits the motor cortex at rest? cerebellum |
basal nuclei The basal nuclei inhibit motor centers at rest but release that inhibition to allow for motor activity. |
|
Which of the following cranial nerves carries only motor information? abducens |
abducens The abducens carries efferent (motor) signals to the extrinsic eye muscle that abducts the eye (turns it laterally). |
|
Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds every axon in a nerve? endomysium |
endoneurium Within a nerve, each axon is surrounded by endoneurium, a delicate layer of loose connective tissue that also encloses the fiber’s associated Schwann cells. |
|
Which cranial nerve innervates most of the visceral organs? accessory |
vagus The vagus nerve has many targets in the thoracic and abdominal cavities and innervates many of the visceral organs. |
|
Which pair below is incorrect? cranial nerve III: pupillary constriction |
cranial nerve IV: sensory The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve that innervates the superior oblique of the eye. |
|
Which of the following carries no sensory information? trigeminal nerve |
hypoglossal nerve The hypoglossal nerve carries motor commands to the tongue. |
|
Which of the following is NOT correct concerning nerves? Nerves are collection of axons of either sensory or motor neurons but not both. Nerves do not contain cell bodies. Nerves are analogous to tracts in the CNS. Nerves are covered by an outer sheath called the epineurium. |
Nerves are collection of axons of either sensory or motor neurons but not both. Nerves can be mixed collections of both sensory and motor axons. |
|
Which cranial nerve transmits information about audition? optic |
vestibulocochlear The vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve transmits afferent impulses for the sense of equilibrium. The cochlear branch transmits afferent impulses for the sense of hearing. |
|
Which of the following is NOT required for a reflex arc? motor neurons |
interneurons In many cases, the interneurons are the integration point for reflexes, but they are not necessary. |
|
Which reflex has a contralateral component? flexor |
crossed-extensor The crossed-extensor reflex activates opposing actions in the opposite limb. |
|
Which of these receptor types functions as an exteroceptor? hair follicle receptors |
All of the listed responses are correct. All of the structures listed are sensitive to stimuli arising outside the body. |
|
Which of the receptor types contributes to the sense of touch by responding to light pressure? free nerve endings of sensory neurons |
Tactile (Merkel) discs The tactile (Merkel) disc shown in E would be located in the base of the epidermis and would detect light touch. |
|
Stretch reflexes can cause reciprocal inhibition because the sensory neuron synapses on the alpha motor neurons of both agonists and antagonists. True |
False The stretch reflex activates agonists directly. However, reciprocal inhibition of the antagonist happens through an interneuron. |
|
Which of the receptor types might function as a nociceptor? free nerve endings of sensory neurons |
free nerve endings of sensory neurons Nociceptors respond to potentially damaging stimuli like noxious chemicals and extremes of temperature or pH. Nociceptors are generally associated with free nerve endings of specialized neurons. |
|
The synapse between which of the following two neurons is a part of a monosynaptic reflex arc? |
A monosynaptic reflex arc includes a synapse between sensory and motor neurons without the involvement of an interneuron. |
|
When removing a hot sheet of cookies from the oven, you feel heat coming through the pot holder. What mechanism momentarily overrides your reflexive action to immediately drop the hot cookie sheet? modification of outgoing efferent signals by spinal cord gray matter interneurons temporary suppression of sensory input to the spinal reflex center intervention by the limbic system to inhibit the fear of being burned modulation of descending motor pathways by brainstem and cortex |
modulation of descending motor pathways by brainstem and cortex |
Share This
Flashcard
