Chapter 13 – Quiz

1. What is one of Erikson’s stages of adulthood?

A) trust versus mistrust
B) initiative versus guilt
C) intimacy versus isolation
D) industry versus inferiority

c

2. How many levels are in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A) three
B) five
C) seven
D) 10

b

3. The Big Five personality traits _____.

A) are present in highly varying degrees throughout much of adulthood
B) apply only to people living in North America
C) first become obvious in preschool children
D) are apparent in every culture and era

d

4. Davetta is very organized and self-disciplined. She conforms easily to standards set for her performance at work. She is high on which of the Big Five traits?

A) agreeableness
B) openness
C) conscientiousness
D) extroversion

c

5. Chris is high in extroversion and therefore will probably _____.

A) be likely to get a divorce
B) have a life that is in constant flux
C) become a librarian or a safety inspector
D) get married

d

**6. With increasing age, the trait of neuroticism tends to _____.

A) transform into extroversion
B) increase
C) be modified
D) remain stable

c

**7. According to Erikson’s stage of _____, every adult seeks close relationships with other people in order to live a happy and healthy life.

A) genrativity versus stagnation
B) integrity versus despair
C) identity versus role confusion
D) intimacy versus isolation

d

**8. Research finds that women typically suffer from divorce more than men do, but that many divorced men experience _____.

A) difficulty meeting new women
B) increased loneliness
C) unresolved anger over the breakup
D) increased financial challenges

b

9. Research indicates that remarried people initially restore all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) intimacy
B) health
C) previous friendships
D) financial security

c

**10. Remarriage is more common _____.

A) among those who have infants
B) among those who have teenage children
C) as SES decreases
D) as SES rises

d

**11. Approximately what proportion of divorces terminates an abusive or destructive relationship?

A) one-quarter
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) three-quarters

b

12. Evelyn divorced three years ago. Upon remarriage, Evelyn is likely to experience a decrease in _____.

A) intimacy
B) health problems
C) depression
D) family problems

c

**13. An acquaintance who is not a friend but still has an impact on an adult’s life is called a _____.

A) social convoy
B) kinkeeper
C) consequential stranger
D) fictive kin

c

14. People who are not in a person’s closest convoy but who still have an effect on the person’s life by providing information, support, or new ideas are known as _____.

A) intimate strangers
B) intimate friends
C) consequential strangers
D) consequential friends

c

15. A study of 7,578 adults in seven nations found that physical separation between parents and adult children _____.

A) weakened family ties
B) created conflict between parents and the adult children
C) strengthened the relationships between parents and adult children
D) caused parents to spend more time and resources supporting adult children

c

16. How does the relationship between siblings typically change from adolescence to adulthood?

A) The relationship improves if the siblings are of the same gender.
B) The relationship improves for brothers but not for sisters.
C) The siblings tend to grow more distant.
D) The siblings tend to become closer.

d

17. Getting married, having children, and living in separate residences has the potential to increase the likelihood of _____ sibling relationships in adulthood.

A) improving
B) straining
C) ambivalent
D) ending

a

**18. Randy moved across the country to advance his career. Though he moved alone, he soon developed friendships with coworkers and others who became like a family to him. They served as his _____.

A) kinkeeper
B) fictive kin
C) social convoy
D) clique

c

19. Common ways to be generative include caregiving, employment, and _____.

A) goal-setting exercises
B) financial security
C) parenthood
D) travel

c

**20. _____ percent of adults under 65 are providing some care for family over 65.

A) 8
B) 12
C) 16
D) 24

c

21. _____ percent of adults (age 25 to 65) are providing partial financial support for their grown children.

A) 13
B) 17
C) 21
D) 28

c

22. About _____ percent of the adults under 65 that are providing care for those over 65 are caring for their parents.

A) 16
B) 20
C) 25
D) 42

d

**23. All of the following are important to people’s job satisfaction EXCEPT _____.

A) income compared to others in their profession
B) their own salary compared to a year ago
C) income compared to others in their neighborhood
D) absolute income

d

24. An analysis of stressful events found that _____ had the greatest effect on adult happiness.

A) getting divorced
B) having to deal with home or car repairs
C) losing a job
D) loss of a loved one

c

**25. John and Angela have been married for 6 years. According to research on linked lives like theirs, which statement is most likely true?

A) Angela now works more hours than before she was married.
B) John’s salary is notably less than if he had stayed single.
C) Angela’s salary is notably less than if she had stayed single.
D) John now works more hours than before he was married.

d

26. The "Big Five" refers to the five basic clusters of personality.

A) True B) False

true

27. Whether an individual ranks high or low in each of the Big Five personality traits depends in part on genetics.

A) True B) False

a

28. A person exhibits the same personality traits in all contexts.

A) True B) False

b

**29. In Erikson’s sixth stage, every adult seeks close relationships with other people in order to live a happy and healthy life.

A) True B) False

a

30. Gay, lesbian, and heterosexual couples can be either supportive or destructive.

A) True B) False

a

**31. In Erikson’s seventh stage, adults seek to be productive in a caring way, often as parents.

A) True B) False

a

32. Most adoptions today are "open"; that is, the adopted child is aware that the biological mother released him or her to the adoptive parents.

A) True B) False

a

33. Extrinsic rewards of work include pride in a job well done and friendship at the workplace.

A) True B) False

b

34. Micro-aggressions may go unnoticed by those in the majority.

A) True B) False

a

35. Generativity can focus on raising children or employment.

A) True B) False

a

36. One of Erikson’s stages of adult psychosocial development is generativity versus _____.

stagnation

37. One of Erikson’s stages of adult psychosocial development is _____ versus stagnation.

generativity

38. Sternberg has studied three aspects of love: _____, intimacy, and commitment.

passion

**39. _____ intimacy needs are especially at risk when they divorce.

men’s

40. Initially, _____ restores intimacy, health, and financial security.

remarriage

**41. A group of people who move through life with an individual, providing protection and encouragement, is called a _____.

social convoy

42. People who are not a part of an individual’s closest convoy but nonetheless have an impact on his or her life are known as _____.

consequential stranger

**43. Adults who can’t find work are _____ percent more likely to die than other people their age.

60%

**44. Weekend work, especially with mandatory overtime, is difficult for _____ relationships because it interrupts the normal rhythms of family life.

father-son

**45. At least three factors help adults find an ideal balance between intimacy and generativity. These factors include adequate income, chosen schedules, and _____.

social support

**46. Identify the three aspects of romantic love identified by Sternberg, and describe how they may change over the course of a relationship. State what is believed to be the ideal combination of these aspects in a romantic relationship. Finally, indicate which aspect is considered the most important to many people.

Since 1986, Robert Sternberg has studied three aspects of love: passion, intimacy, and commitment. Among twenty-first-century Westerners, passion usually occurs first, then shared confidences create intimacy, and finally commitment leads to an enduring relationship. When all three are evident, it is called consummate love, which is considered to be the ideal. Most people report that commitment is the most crucial aspect of love.

**47. Define consequential strangers, and describe how they differ from friends.

Consequential strangers are acquaintances, people who are not in a person’s friendship circle but nonetheless have some impact on his or her life. These strangers may provide information, support, social integration, and new ideas. Chat groups on the Internet have added more consequential strangers to people’s lives than ever before. Mutual loyalty and aid are expected from friends but not from consequential strangers. In addition, acquaintances differ from most close friends and family members in that they include people of diverse religions, ethnic groups, ages, and political opinions—and that diversity is one reason they may be consequential. Of course, close friends may also be diverse, but shared values, lifestyles, and background are often the glue that keeps a friendship alive.

**48. When adult children live apart from their parents, what usually happens to the parent-child relationship? How might parents support their adult children, and how might such support impact the mental health of adult children?

When adult children live apart from their parents, the parent-child relationship seems to become stronger, not weaker. However, parents support their adult children in numerous ways. Parents might provide adult children with a place to live. In addition, parents may provide financial and emotional support to their adult children. Although such support is often needed and welcome, financial subsidies to adult children who are no longer in college correlate with symptoms of depression in the adult children.

**49. Describe Erikson’s psychosocial stage of generativity versus stagnation. Indicate the three most common ways that adults satisfy their need to be generative.

Generativity versus stagnation is the seventh of Erikson’s psychosocial stages. Generativity involves being productive in a caring way. Although generativity can take many forms, its chief manifestation is "establishing and guiding the next generation." Without generativity, adults experience stagnation and personal impoverishment. Adults satisfy their need to be generative in many ways, especially through parenthood, caregiving (taking care of the needs of others or pets), and employment.

**50. Define the extrinsic and intrinsic rewards of work. How do most people’s perspective on the extrinsic and intrinsic rewards of employment change with age and maturity?

The extrinsic rewards of work are the tangible benefits, usually in the form of compensation that one receives for doing a job (e.g., salary, health insurance, pension). The intrinsic rewards of work are the intangible gratifications that come from within oneself as a result of doing a job (e.g., job satisfaction, self-esteem, pride). With age and maturity, adults want more than extrinsic rewards from their work; the importance of intrinsic rewards increases. While extrinsic rewards such as salary, employee benefits, and pension plans are important, adults tend to find that the more intangible intrinsic rewards such as friendships with coworkers, pride in a job well done, and the opportunity to make an impact in a field or on the community are actually more significant to them.