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How many genes are present in the human genome? |
tens of thousands |
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What is a locus? |
the precise location of a gene on a chromosome |
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Sexual and asexual reproduction are alike in that __________. |
they can both occur in multicellular organisms |
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A clone is the product of __________. |
asexual reproduction and mitosis |
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Unless the chromosomes were stained to show band patterns, a karyotype would be LEAST likely to show which of the following? |
part of a chromosome turned around |
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A karyotype is __________. |
a photograph of all the chromosomes in a single cell from an individual |
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Fertilization produces __________. |
a diploid zygote |
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Which, if any, of the following statements is true? |
All of the above responses are correct. |
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Which of the following is part of the life cycle called alternation of generations? |
All of the listed responses are correct |
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The sexual cycle of the diploid, multicellular algal genus Fucus involves __________. |
mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization |
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A life cycle in which the only multicellular form is haploid is most typical of __________. |
fungi |
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In sexually reproducing species, the chromosome number remains stable over time because __________ and __________ always alternate. |
meiosis…fertilization |
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The egg (ovum) of a rabbit contains 22 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the somatic (body) cells of a rabbit? |
44 |
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In a diploid cell containing 10 chromosomes, meiosis results in the formation of daughter cells containing __________ chromosomes. |
5 |
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How many pairs of autosomes do humans have? |
22 |
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Sister chromatids __________. |
are identical copies of each other formed through DNA synthesis |
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Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct? |
They have genes for the same traits at the same loci. |
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When we say that an organism is haploid, we mean that __________. |
its cells have a single set of chromosomes |
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Which of the following is a function of mitosis in humans? |
multiplication of body cells |
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Somatic cells in humans contain __________ set(s) of chromosomes and are therefore termed __________. |
two … diploid |
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Nearly all life cycles have both haploid and diploid phases. Usually, the transition from haploid to diploid takes place __________. |
at fertilization, when gametes fuse |
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Spores and gametes are different in that __________. |
gametes can fuse to form a zygote, but spores can develop into independent organisms without first forming a zygote |
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Humans have 46 chromosomes. This number of chromosomes will be found in __________. |
liver cells |
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Which of the following results in cells that contain half the parental chromosome number? |
meiosis |
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At the end of telophase I of meiosis and the first cytokinesis, there are __________. |
two haploid cells |
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What is the typical result when a diploid cell has completed meiosis? |
Four haploid cells |
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Synapsis occurs during __________. |
prophase I |
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Which of the following occurs during anaphase II? |
Sister chromatids separate and migrate toward opposite poles. |
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Which of the following occurs during anaphase I? |
Homologs separate and migrate toward opposite poles. |
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Cytokinesis is the __________. |
division of the cytoplasm to create two cells |
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What is the function of meiosis? |
to make cells with a haploid (half that of the parents) number of chromosomes |
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Crossing over occurs during __________. |
prophase I |
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Regions of chromosomes where nonsister chromatids cross over are called __________. |
chiasmata |
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The synaptonemal complex __________. |
physically connects homologous chromosomes during prophase I |
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An organism has a haploid chromosome number n = 4. How many tetrads will form during meiosis |
4 |
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Which event occurs only during prophase I of the first meiotic division? |
Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs. |
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Which of the following occurs in meiosis, but NOT mitosis? |
Homologous chromosomes separate. |
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Which function makes meiosis lengthier and more complex than mitosis? |
All of the listed responses are correct. |
|
Ignoring crossover events, how many kinds of gametes can be produced by an organism with a diploid number of 8? |
16 |
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Which of the following contributes to genetic variation in sexually reproducing species? |
random fertilization, independent assortment, crossing over |
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In humans, the haploid number of chromosomes is 23. Independent assortment has the possibility of producing __________ different types of gametes. |
223 |
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The diploid number of chromosomes in a certain animal is 8 (2n = 8). How do the four pairs of homologous chromosomes align and separate during meiosis? |
They align and assort independently to form any of 16 different combinations. |
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In a diploid set of chromosomes, one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes is derived from the father (paternal), and the other comes from the mother (maternal). If 2n = 6, what is the probability that a particular gamete will contain only paternal chromosomes? |
1/8 |
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The major contribution of sex to evolution is that __________. |
it provides a method to increase genetic variation |
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Which of the following answers is NEITHER involved with crossing over NOR an outcome of crossing over? |
the random alignment of homologous pairs of chromosomes at metaphase I |
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Which of the following statements reflects an advantage that sexual reproduction likely provides over asexual reproduction? |
Although energetically more costly than asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction leads to different combinations of alleles that could provide adaptability in a changing environment. |
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Although __________ is nearly universal among animals, bdelloid rotifers __________. |
sexual reproduction … reproduce asexually but can increase genetic variation present in a population by means of the uptake of DNA from other rotifers |
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