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The hyperalgesia that is common in phantom limb pain could be blocked if a new drug was developed that could prevent (without triggering any side-effects) the ______. |
diffusion of calcium ions through NMDA receptors |
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The first level of neural integration in the somatosensory system is the __________ level. |
receptor |
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__________ do NOT exhibit the property of adaptation. |
tonic receptors |
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Why might an individual experience the phenomenon known as "referred pain"? |
Visceral pain afferents travel along the same pathways as somatic pain fibers. |
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Which structure is involved in the segmental level of motor control? |
spinal cord |
|
Choose the FALSE statement about nerves. |
The majority of a nerve’s bulk is due to axons |
|
CNS nerve fibers lack the intrinsic capacity to regenerate, while PNS nerve fibers are able to regenerate. |
true |
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Which of the following cranial nerves carries only sensory information? |
olfactory |
|
Which cranial nerve transmits information about our sense of equilibrium? |
vestibulocochlear |
|
The majority of the cranial nerves attach to the __________. |
brain stem |
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Hiccups could occur if there was irritation or damage to the ______. |
motor branches of ventral rami associated with the C3-C5 region of the spinal cord |
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In carpal tunnel syndrome, there may be tingling and numbness in the thumb due to compression of the ______. |
cutaneous branches of the median nerve |
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Damage to the ulnar nerve could result in the inability to ______. |
flex the wrist |
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If "wrist drop" were to appear, there would also be an increased probability of ______. |
inability to extend the forearm |
|
A herniated lumbar disc could interfere with ______. |
skin sensations from the lateral thigh skin sensations from the medial thigh adduction of the thigh |
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Sciatica has no direct affect on ______. |
control of the adductor longus |
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What type of nerve fibers are found in the ventral ramus of a spinal nerve? |
both sensory and motor |
|
The primary nerve that controls breathing is found in which nerve plexus? |
cervical |
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Spinal nerves are all classified as __________. |
mixed nerves |
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The phrenic nerve serves the __________. |
diaphragm |
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In carpal tunnel syndrome, the __________ is compressed. |
median nerve |
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The thickest and longest nerve in the body is the __________. |
sciatic nerve |
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What parts of the brain ultimately plan and coordinate complex motor activities? |
cerebellum and basal nuclei |
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Somatic reflexes activate __________. |
skeletal muscle |
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A knee-jerk reflex that is unusually strong may be caused by ______. |
transmission of excitatory signals from the brain to the neurons that form the femoral nerve |
|
Which reflex is important for maintaining muscle tone? |
stretch reflex |
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Which reflex is triggered when a stranger suddenly grasps your arm? |
crossed-extensor |
|
The knee-jerk reflex is an example of a __________. |
stretch reflex |
|
Which of the following does NOT occur as people age? |
peripheral nerves die off |
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