Chapter 12 vocab APUSH

Oliver Hazard Perry

United States commodore who led the fleet that defeated the British on Lake Erie during the War of 1812. said "we have met the enemy and they are ours," which became the slogan of the American cause and gave it new life

Thomas MacDonough

Naval officer who forced the invading British army near Plattsburgh to retreat on September 11, 1814; he saved the upper New York from conquest.

William Henry Harrison

9th President of the United States; caught pneumonia during his inauguration and died shortly after. Longest inauguration speech. Shortest presidency term.

Francis Scott Key

A lawyer and poet of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Key wrote the words to " The Star-Spangled Banner" while watching the British bombardment of Fort McHenry, Maryland, in the War of 1812.

Andrew Jackson

A general and political leader of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. As a general in the War of 1812, he defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans. He was called "Old Hickory." He was elected president after John Quincy Adams as a candidate of the common man, and his style of government came to be known as Jacksonian democracy. He rewarded his political supporters with positions once he became president ( see spoils system). A Democrat, he was widely criticized for expanding the power of the presidency beyond what was customary before his time.

Washington Irving

A nineteenth-century American author. " The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle" are two of his best-known works.

James Monroe

He was the fifth President of the United States. He is the author of the Monroe Doctrine. Proclaimed that the Americas should be closed to future European colonization and free from European interference in sovereign countries’ affairs. It further stated the United States’ intention to stay neutral in European wars

James Fenimore Cooper

An American author of the early nineteenth century, known for his works set on the American frontier, such as the series The Leatherstocking Tales and The Last of the Mohicans.

John C. Calhoun

Leader of the Fugitive Slave Law, which forced the cooperation of Northern states in returning escaped slaves to the south. He also argued on the floor of the senate that slavery was needed in the south. He argued on the grounds that society is supposed to have an upper ruling class that enjoys the profit of a working lower class.

John Quincy Adams

Secretary of State, He served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams’ work.

Daniel Webster

a senator from Massachusettes and the most powerful speaker of his time who was involved in the Webster-Hayne debate

nationalism

the policy or doctrine of asserting the interests of one’s own nation, viewed as separate from the interests of other nations or the common interests of all nations.

John Marshall

A public official of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. He served as chief justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835. His interpretations of the Constitution in cases such as Marbury versus Madison served to strengthen the power of the Court and the power of the federal government generally.

peculiar institution

a euphemism for slavery and the economic ramifications of it in the american south. the term aimed to explain away the seeming contradiction of legalized slavery in a country whose declaration of independence states that "all men are created equal". it was one of the key causes of the civil war.

protective tariff

a tariff levied on imports to protect the domestic economy rather than to raise revenue

sectionalism

excessive or narrow-minded concern for local or regional interests as opposed to the interests of the whole

noncolonization

was a principle of the Monroe Doctrine proclaimed by United States president James Monroe in 1823. It stated that the Americas should undergo no further colonization by European powers.

internal improvements

the program for building roads, canals, bridges, and railroads in and between the states. there was a dispute over whether the federal government should fund internal improvements, since it was not specifically given that power by the constitution.

nonintervention

abstention by a nation from interference in the affairs of other nations or in those of its own political subdivisions.

isolationism

The policy or doctrine of isolating one’s country from the affairs of other nations by declining to enter into alliances, foreign economic commitments, international agreements, etc., seeking to devote the entire efforts of one’s country to its own advancement and remain at peace by avoiding foreign entanglements and responsibilities.

ohio fever

European immigrants bought large amounts of cheap west American land.

second bank of the united states

This institution was chartered in 1816 under President Madison and became a depository for federal funds and a creditor for (loaning money to) state banks. It became unpopular after being blamed for the panic of 1819, and suspicion of corruption and mismanagement haunted it until its charter expired in 1836. Jackson fought against this institution throughout his presidency, proclaiming it to be an unconstitutional extension of the federal government and a tool that rich capitalists used to corrupt American society.

McCulloch vs Maryland

Landmark Supreme Court case in which Maryland tryed to impose taxes on the Second Bank of the United States. It made it illegal for a state to impede constitutional exercises.

Tariff of 1816

A law made to protect the US economy from the build up of British goods that had accumulated during the War of 1812.

Cohens vs Virginia

Cohens found guilty of selling illegal lottery tickets and convicted, but taken to supreme court, and Marshall asserted right of Supreme Court to review decisions of state supreme court decisions.

American system

An economic system based upon the ideas of Alexander Hamilton. It included a high tariff to support international improvements and a national bank to encourage enterprise. henry clay developed a plan for profitable home markets called this in 1824

Gibbons vs Ogden

this case involved new york trying to grant a monopoly on waterborne trade between new york and new jersey. judge marshal, of the supreme court, sternly reminded the state of new york that the constitution gives congress alone the control of interstate commerce. marshal’s decision, in 1824, was a major blow on states’ rights.

Bonus Bill of 1817

A bill introduced by John C. Calhoun to provide a federal highway linking The East and South to The West using the earnings Bonus from the Second Bank of the United States

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

fought during the War of 1812 in central Alabama. On March 27, 1814, United States forces and Indian allies under General Andrew Jackson defeated the Red Sticks, a part of the Creek Indian tribe inspired by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh, effectively ending the Creek War.

Fletcher vs Peck

supreme court case which protected property rights and asserted the right to invalidate state laws in conflict with the constitution. Arose with a ga legistlatire was swayed by bribary granted 35 million acres in the yazoo river country to private speculators, legislature cancelled it, said constitution forbid state laws imparing contracts

Virginia Dynasty

Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809), James Madison (1809-1817), James Monroe (1817-1825). All presidents from virginia.

Dartmouth college vs Woodward

marshall ruled that dartmouth college’s charter that had been granted by king george was to be upheld because it was a contract. set precedent for protecting businesses from state governments. example of federal law surpassing state law.

Era of Good Feelings

A political era when the Federalist party faded away and there were almost no divisions; James Monroe was President. Name coined from a boston newspaper.

Treaty of 1818

A treaty signed in 1818 between the United States and the United Kingdom. It resolved standing boundary issues between the two nations, and allowed for joint occupation and settlement of the Oregon Country.

Panic of 1819

The first major financial crisis in the United States, which occurred during the end of the Era of Good Feelings.

Florida Purchase Treaty

1819 – Under the Adams-Onis Treaty, Spain sold Florida to the U.S., and the U.S. gave up its claims to Texas. gave american southwest to spain

Tippeecanoe

It was fought on November 7, 1811, between United States forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison of the Indiana Territory and forces of Tecumseh’s growing American Indian confederation led by his younger brother Tenskwatawa

Battle of Thames

A decisive American victory in the War of 1812. It took place on October 5, 1813, near present-day Chatham, Ontario in Upper Canada. It resulted in the death of the Shawnee chief Tecumseh, and the destruction of the Native American coalition which he led.

Constitution

the body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structures, and processes of a government

Land act of 1820

authorized a buyer to purchase 80 virgin acres at a minimum of $1.25 per acre in cash, it also brought about cheap transportation and cheap money

Monroe Doctrine

The policy, as stated by President Monroe in 1823, that the U.S. opposed further European colonization of and interference with independent nations in the Western Hemisphere.

Tallmadge Amendment

This was an attempt to have no more slaves to be brought to Missouri and provided the gradual emancipation of the children of slaves. In the mind of the South, this was a threat to the sectional balance between North and South. User-contributed

Russo-American Treaty of 1824

this treaty between russia and america set the southern borders of russian holdings in america at the line of 54 degrees- 40′, the southern tip of alaska.

Missouri Compromise

an act of Congress (1820) by which Missouri was admitted as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and slavery was prohibited in the Louisiana Purchase north of latitude 36°30′N, except for Missouri.

Treaty of Ghent

Signed on December 24, 1814, it was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Battle of Plattsburgh

battle in which macdonough challenged and defeated the british near plattsburgh; close to defeat, macdonough reversed his ship, confronted the enemy with a fresh broadside and won; forced british to retreat, saved ny from conquest and the union from dissolution

Hartford’s Convention

An event spanning from December 15, 1814-January 4, 1815 in the United States during the War of 1812 in which New England’s opposition to the war reached the point where secession from the United States was discussed. The end of the war with a return to the status quo ante bellum disgraced the Federalist Party, which disbanded in most places.