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The process by which one strain of bacteria is apparently changed into another strain is called |
transformation |
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Bacteriophages are |
viruses |
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A nucleotide does NOT contain |
polymerase |
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In prokaryotes, DNA molecules are located in the |
cytoplasm |
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The diagram below shows the process of DNA |
replication |
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The main enzyme involved in linking individual nucleotides into DNA molecules is |
DNA polymerase |
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The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called |
transcription |
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In messenger RNA, each codon specifies a particular |
amino acid |
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Changes in the DNA sequence that affect genetic information are known as |
mutations |
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An expressed gene is one that |
is transcribed into RNA |
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As scientists tried to discover the nature of genes, what three critical gene functions had they identified? |
Genes carry information from one generation to the next, determine heritable characteristics, and are replicated easily. |
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Describe the components and structure of a DNA nucleotide. |
Each nucleotide has three parts:5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. |
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Explain how Chargaff’s rules helped Watson and Crick model DNA. |
That adenine bonds only to thymine and cytosine bonds only to guanine. |
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What is meant by the term base pairing? How is base pairing involved in DNA replication? |
Complementary strands produced are identical to the original strands. |
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Describe the appearance of DNA in a typical prokaryotic cell. |
It has a single, circular DNA molecule that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic information. |
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Explain the process of replication. When a DNA molecule is replicated, how do the new molecules relate to the original molecule? |
Each new DNA molecules has one strand from the original molecule and one new strand. Both new molecules are identical to the original one. |
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Describe the relationship between DNA, chromatin, histones, and nucleosomes. |
Nucleosomes are made up of DNA wrapped around histones. Chromatin are long chains of nucleosomes. |
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What is the difference between exons and introns? |
Introns don’t involve coding for proteins and exons do. |
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What is a codon? |
A codon consists of three nucleotides that specify a single amino acid that is to be added to a polypeptide. |
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What is an anticodon? How does it function? |
An anticodon consists of the three bases on the tRNA molecule that are complementary to a mRNA codon and it determines which tRNA binds to the codon on mRNA, and thus which amino acid is attached to the polypeptide chain. |
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Explain why controlling the proteins in an organism controls the organism’s characteristics |
Proteins are responsible for catalyzing and regulating chemical reactions, as well as regulating the rate and pattern of growth. |
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