Chapter 10 anthro

A hominid is defined as having two obligated behaviors

Bipedal locomotion and nonhoning chewing complex

The foundational behavior of Hominini was

Bipedalism

Humans use their molars for

Crushing

Bipedalism advantages over quadrupedalism include

Both a and c. An increased ability to see greater distances, and ease of transporting food

Using tools and tool making is an adaption by hominis as a result of

Bipedalism

The first recognizable ancestors of the linage of leading to humans include

Sahelanthropus Tchadensis

The Patchy Forest hypothesis proposes that

Forest became lush woodlands

Owen Lovejoy’s Provisioning hypothesis proposes that

Monogamy and food provisioning created the necessity of bipedalism

Ardi was adapted to life in the trees and

On the ground

Ecological evidence from the site where Ardi was found shows that

Early hominins lived in a forest

Two types of australopithecines were using two different types of locomotion in East Africa

One was a climber and the other a biped

Beginning more than 3 mya, at least two lineages of hominin evolution emerged, one that led to the genus Homo and one that

Included the now extinct descendants of Aust. afarensis

Australopithecus Robustus large masticatory complex (large molars, face, and muscles) indicate an adaptation

To eating foods requiring heavy chewing

The diversity of hominins included increasingly specialized

Diets

Australopithecus Garhi may be the ancestor of

Homo Habilis

The Laetoli footprints demonstrate that the foot of Australopithecus Afarensis was humanlike in having

All of the above

Evidence indicating that Orrorin Tugenensis was bipedal comes mainly from which part of the skeleton?

Femur (thighbone)

The discovery of Kenyanthropus Platyops was important mainly because

It showed diversity in the hominin fossil record 3.5 mya

In an ape, the space between upper lateral incisor and the canine that accommodates a large, projecting lower canine is

Diastema

A pre australopithecine most likely has which of the following characteristics

Modified honing chewing, primitive apelike traits, small brain size

Based on the research of Philip Reno, early hominins show reduced sexual dimorphism, which evidence for cooperation and likely for

Pair Bonding

Based on morphology of the hand phalanx, Orrorin Tugenensis lived in a

Forest enviroment

Robust australopithecines went extinct by

1 mya

Fossils attributed to Australopithecus Garhi were found at the Bouri site, in Ethiopia, along with

Animal bones with cut marks

Your friend is asking your opinion on a recent hominid fossil he heard about on the news. He is unable to remember the species name but knows that it lacked the specialized teeth seen in apes, had elongated toes, a opposable big toe, and was part of the multidisciplinary study that reconstructed the early hominid habitat. The fossil he is referring to is most likely

Ardipithecus Ramidus

Reported by Ann Gibbons, according to 11 papers published by the researchers on "Ardi", the mix of traits of Ardipithecus ramidus make it

All of the above

According to Catherine Brahic in "Our True Dawn" the reason for an older date for the hominin line split from the Pan genus of chimps and bonobos is

All of the above

Ardi’s intermediate form of bipedality included the use of

Palms and feet to move along tree branches

The only Preaustralopithecus found outside the East African Rift Valley is

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

According to Ann Gibbons, Ardipithecus Ramidus is on a shakier ground when determining whether it is a hominid because her speci

True

Brahic state in "Our True Dawn" that comparing matching stretches of chimp and human DNA and counting the differences reveal the year it took for those mutations to have separately accumulated, and therefore how many years since they diverged. Because of disagreement on the generation time as applied to hominin, physical anthropologist have thrown out the molecular clock entirely and now rely only on fossil evidence.

False