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1. Historically, up until the middle ages, populations were mostly limited by
A. low fertility rates.
B. culturally-imposed family planning practices. C. disease, famine, and war.
D. religious restrictions on marriage.
E. infanticide.
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C. disease, famine, and war.
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2. Human population growth most closely resembles
A. carrying capacity geometric increase.
B. irruptive growth.
C. Malthusian growth.
D. S-shaped growth curve.
E. J-shaped growth curve.
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E. J-shaped growth curve.
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3. Historical evidence shows that plagues and diseases
A. are highly effective at slowing population growth.
B. affect population growth for at least a century.
C. affect relatively few people in a population.
D. are devastating to human population growth.
E. cause only minor or temporary setbacks in population growth trends.
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E. cause only minor or temporary setbacks in population growth trends.
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4. Technological optimists argue that technological advances have
A. led to the increase in human population but whether we can continue is of great concern.
B. proven Marx wrong in his predictions of famine and disaster.
C. proven Malthus wrong in his predictions of famine and disaster.
D. been developed because there are more people, supporting the view that more people are the "ultimate
resource."
E. been a neutral factor in the issue of population growth.
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C. proven Malthus wrong in his predictions of famine and disaster.
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5. Malthus and Marx
A. worked together to form their theories.
B. agreed about the root causes of overpopulation, poverty, and social upheaval.
C. disagreed about the root causes of overpopulation, poverty, and social upheaval.
D. held the same beliefs but worked on different issues.
E. disagreed about the severity of overpopulation, poverty, and social upheaval.
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C. disagreed about the root causes of overpopulation, poverty, and social upheaval.
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6. The population theory held by Thomas Malthus was that the human population would
A. never reach its environment’s carrying capacity.
B. develop a modern utopia.
C. reach its environment’s carrying capacity and then maintain equilibrium.
D. maintain equilibrium with its carrying capacity.
E. outstrip its resources, then suffer starvation and misery.
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E. outstrip its resources, then suffer starvation and misery.
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7. Neo-Malthusians argue that
A. Malthus’ eighteenth century theories apply to similar circumstances today.
B. we should never return to the conditions observed by Malthus in his day.
C. Malthus could be useful today if reinterpreted.
D. Malthus was wrong from the start.
E. NoneoftheserepresenttheviewpointofNeo-Malthusians.
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A. Malthus’ eighteenth century theories apply to similar circumstances today.
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8. Disastrous famines in the past 200 years
A. prove conclusively that Malthus was right.
B. have mostly resulted from politics and economics rather than from overpopulation.
C. prove conclusively that Malthus was mistaken.
D. have resulted from population overshoots based on overuse of resources.
E. prove conclusively that Marx was mistaken.
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B. have mostly resulted from politics and economics rather than from overpopulation.
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9. Malthus argued that ______________ is the ultimate cause of social and environmental problems and Marx argued that population growth ____________ social and environmental problems.
A. excess population growth, results from
B. poverty, results from
C. war, results from
D. excess population growth, is also the ultimate cause of
E. poverty, is the ultimate cause of
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A. excess population growth, results from
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10. Human ingenuity and intelligence as the "ultimate resource" is the central theme in the argument of
A. Julian Simon.
B. John Muir.
C. Thomas Malthus.
D. neo-Malthusians.
E. Marxism.
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A. Julian Simon.
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11. The world human population reached 1 billion in about _________ and passed ____________ in 1999.
A. 1400; 78 billion
B. 1500; 6 trillion
C. 1600; 78 million
D. 1700; 6 million
E. 1800; 6 billion
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E. 1800; 6 billion
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12. Graphs are widely used in communication because
A. they can create powerful impressions by illustrating patterns of relationships.
B. artifacts that distort the data can readily be seen by the untrained eye.
C. they add interest and variety to textual material.
D. they can be easily manipulated to distort the data presented.
E. they are easier to create when compared to writing explanatory text.
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A. they can create powerful impressions by illustrating patterns of relationships.
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13. Demography is the science that describes
A. the earth’s carrying capacity.
B. population changes and characteristics.
C. energy resources.
D. food production.
E. environmental factors that affects population sizes.
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B. population changes and characteristics.
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14. Ninety percent of the world’s population growth in the next century is expected to occur in
A. less-developed countries.
B. China.
C. developed countries.
D. moderately-developed nations.
E. India
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A. less-developed countries.
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15. Why is Russia’s population declining?
A. There is a one-child policy similar to the one in China and Thailand.
B. There has been a massive education campaign to reduce births.
C. The standard of living has decreased leading to lower infant mortality and lower birth rates.
D. Russia’s population is not declining.
E. The standard of living has decreased leading to higher death rates and lower birth rates.
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E. The standard of living has decreased leading to higher death rates and lower birth rates.
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16. Most of the world’s human settlements are clustered
A. in wide, arable plains.
B. in mountainous regions.
C. along coastlines and rivers.
D. between 30 and 50 degrees north latitude.
E. in open valleys.
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C. along coastlines and rivers.
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17. Crude birth rates are measured in terms of the number of children born
A. in a single year.
B. per family.
C. per family per year.
D. per 1000 people each year.
E. per 1000 people in the general population.
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D. per 1000 people each year.
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18. The total fertility rate is the number of children born
A. to the average woman per year.
B. to the average woman during her lifetime.
C. in the world during a single year.
D. in a population during a single year.
E. in a population during an entire generation.
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B. to the average woman during her lifetime.
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19. The total fertility rate for upper class women in seventeenth and eighteenth century Europe was sometimes
A. less than one.
B. between one and two.
C. about eight.
D. between 10 and 12.
E. greater than 20.
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E. greater than 20.
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20. The zero population growth rate is slightly over two children per couple because
A. we always need slightly more young people.
B. the older generation is dying.
C. some children die and some couples do not have children.
D. that is as low as birth rates can reasonably be expected to get.
E. The zero population growth rate is not slightly over two children per couple.
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C. some children die and some couples do not have children.
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21. According to the graph above, which region had the highest total fertility rate in 1998?
A. Africa
B. The Americas
C. Eastern Mediterranean
D. Europe
E. South-East Asia
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A. Africa
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22. According to the graph above, which region had the highest total fertility rate in 1950?
A. Africa
B. The Americas
C. Eastern Mediterranean
D. Europe
E. South-East Asia
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C. Eastern Mediterranean
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23. According to the graph above, which region has the greatest fertility reduction?
A. Africa
B. The Americas
C. Eastern Mediterranean
D. Europe
E. South-East Asia
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E. South-East Asia
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24. Demographers usually measure mortality in terms of
A. deaths per 1000 persons per year.
B. deaths per person per year.
C. the number of children who die per year.
D. the total number of deaths per generation.
E. total deaths in a population per year.
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A. deaths per 1000 persons per year.
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25. Which of the following factors does not usually affect the crude death rates of a population?
A. health care
B. sanitation
C. age structure of the population
D. nutrition
E. All of these affect crude death rates.
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E. All of these affect crude death rates.
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26. The difference between "total growth rate" and "natural increase" is that total growth rates
A. include only the number of births and deaths.
B. include immigration and emigration as well as births and deaths.
C. include only immigration and emigration.
D. include infant mortality as well as adult deaths.
E. are not expressed as percentages.
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B. include immigration and emigration as well as births and deaths.
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27. The average age that a newborn can expect to attain in a given society is referred to as
A. life expectancy.
B. infant mortality.
C. life span.
D. survivorship.
E. lifeage.
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A. life expectancy.
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28. The main cause of world population growth in the past 300 years has been
A. increasing fecundity.
B. rising fertility.
C. higher birthrates in developing countries.
D. increasing immigration.
E. falling mortality.
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E. falling mortality.
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29. The population represented by the age class histogram on the right above will
A. have a large population of old people soon.
B. not grow much in the coming years.
C. soon begin to decline
D. grow substantially in the future.
E. grow slowly in the future.
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D. grow substantially in the future.
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30. The age class histogram on the right above could represent the population of
A. the United States.
B. Western Europe.
C. Uganda.
D. Japan.
E. Sweden.
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C. Uganda.
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31. The age class histogram on the left above could represent the population of
A. the United States.
B. Mexico.
C. Uganda.
D. India.
E. Sweden.
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A. the United States.
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32. The histogram on the left above represents a population whose birth rates
A. have not changed for many years.
B. have recently decreased.
C. are gradually increasing.
D. are sharply increasing.
E. None of these – birth rates cannot be determined by the age class histogram.
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B. have recently decreased.
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33. A pyramid-shaped age-structure histogram is characteristic of a(n) _________ population.
A. stable
B. expanding
C. declining
D. unpredictable
E. diminishing
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B. expanding
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34. A dependency ratio is a comparison between the numbers of
A. working and nonworking people.
B. parents and children.
C. old people and young people.
D. young infants and older adults.
E. middle aged people and infants.
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A. working and nonworking people.
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35. You were in a discussion with a classmate who complained that immigrants were taking away jobs and abusing social services. In response, another classmate who is a proponent of the open door policy explained that immigrants can actually be a bonus to a country. Someone supporting an open door policy would not use which of the following statements?
A. Immigrants are usually of a different racial or ethnic background and add cultural diversity.
B. Immigrants usually perform dangerous work that citizens are unwilling to do.
C. Immigrants usually perform work at a payscale that citizens are unwilling to accept.
D. Immigrants are usually welcomed by other immigrants or descendants of immigrants.
E. All of these would probably be used by someone supporting an open door policy.
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E. All of these would probably be used by someone supporting an open door policy.
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36. Pronatalist pressures are influences that lead people to
A. increase fecundity.
B. have more children.
C. have fewer children.
D. prevent infant mortality.
E. wait until later in life to have children.
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B. have more children.
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37. Which of the following is considered a true pronatalist pressure?
A. Legitimate needs for support in old age
B. The need for hands to help in farm work
C. Macho pride in men who have many children
D. Women’s status determined by the number of children she has
E. All of these
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E. All of these
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38. Birth rate would tend to be increased with a(n)
A. increase in education.
B. increase in affluence.
C. decrease in infant mortality rate.
D. increase in average marrying age.
E. decrease in sanitation.
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C. decrease in infant mortality rate.
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39. Women who ________ are least likely to have many children.
A. cannot afford children
B. live where many children die young
C. are subordinate to their husbands
D. are able to earn an income for themselves
E. All of these.
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D. are able to earn an income for themselves
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40. The best title for the vertical axis on the graph is
A. Life expectancy
B. Average dietary protein intake per day.
C. Female literacy.
D. Infant mortality.
E. Rateofinfectiousdiseases.
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D. Infant mortality.
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41. Birth rates in the United States have ______ during the last hundred years.
A. remained fairly constant
B. fallen steadily
C. fallen and risen repeatedly
D. risen steadily
E. decreased dramatically
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C. fallen and risen repeatedly
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42. There is some evidence that population growth today is ____________ rather than ______________.
A. slowing slightly, continuing to accelerate
B. continuing to accelerate, slowing slightly
C. increasing, leveling off
D. leveling off, decreasing
E. leveling off, slowing slightly
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A. slowing slightly, continuing to accelerate
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43. "Birth dearths" can be a problem because they cause
A. labor shortages.
B. military weakness.
C. a decrease in workers.
D. a decrease in taxpayers.
E. All of these.
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E. All of these.
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44. The demographic transition refers to a country’s change from
A. high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.
B. high to low birth rates and low to high death rates.
C. low to high birth rates and high to low death rates.
D. a majority of young people to a majority of elderly people.
E. a majority of elderly people to a majority of young people.
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A. high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.
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45. A demographic transition is expected to accompany
A. colonization, as in Africa and Asia.
B. economic development and stabilization.
C. the development of capitalism.
D. the introduction of modern medicine.
E. Allofthese.
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B. economic development and stabilization.
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46. Many demographers believe that birth rates generally decrease as the level of development increases because
A. raising children becomes much more expensive.
B. men are better educated and have more economic options.
C. women tend to have more influence in family planning.
D. higher levels of contaminants in drinking water tends to decrease fertility.
E. government programs tend to discourage the discussion of birth control options.
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C. women tend to have more influence in family planning.
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47. The most industrialized country listed above is:
A. Country "A"
B. Country "B"
C. Country "C"
D. None of the countries listed are likely to be industrialized.
E. It is impossible to use the data in the table to identify an industrialized country.
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A. Country "A"
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48. Country "C" above probably has __________ rate of female literacy when compared to the other two countries.
A. the highest
B. an intermediate
C. the lowest
D. an equal
E. It is impossible to use the data in the table to identify the rate of female literacy.
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C. the lowest
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49. Which of the following demographic categories best identifies Country "A" above?
A. Developed
B. Moderately Developed
C. Less developed
D. Developing
E. Third World
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A. Developed
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50. The message from author Garret Hardin’s "lifeboat ethics" is that
A. helping poor people will, in time, reduce their rate of reproduction.
B. the poorer countries of the world are caught in a demographic trap.
C. economic growth will reduce the birth rate of poor nations.
D. the world has enough resources for everybody.
E. helping poor people will simply increase their rate of reproduction.
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E. helping poor people will simply increase their rate of reproduction.
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51. Proponents of social justice believe that environmental and social problems will decrease if
A. we can educate poor people about family planning.
B. resources are distributed fairly.
C. better ethics are taught to poor, uneducated populations.
D. we just reduce the number of people on Earth.
E. we concentrate on population control.
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B. resources are distributed fairly.
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52. ____________ are the most numerous vertebrate organisms on Earth.
A. Fish
B. Insects C. Rodents D. Birds
E. Humans
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E. Humans
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53. The graph above indicates that more children die
A. in the last stage of the demographic transition.
B. in the first stage of the demographic transition.
C. when their mothers are illiterate.
D. when their mothers are literate.
E. when their mothers are poor.
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C. when their mothers are illiterate.
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54. The graph above indicates that there is
A. a strong relationship between infant mortality and education for women.
B. little relationship between infant mortality and education for women.
C. a relationship between infant mortality and education in general.
D. more importance for female rather than male education.
E. a relationship between birth rate and education for women.
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A. a strong relationship between infant mortality and education for women.
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55. Less developed countries can best argue that developed countries are primarily responsible for overpopulation problems because
A. developed countries grow most of the global food resources.
B. less developed countries have no population-based environmental problems.
C. less developed countries have recently drastically reduced their fertility rates.
D. developed countries do not understand a global society.
E. developed countries are a major cause of consumption overpopulation.
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E. developed countries are a major cause of consumption overpopulation.
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56. Family planning means enabling people to
A. have fewer children so that the population growth rate can reach ZPG.
B. have no children.
C. have many children.
D. decide in advance how many children they should have.
E. have more children if they live in a country with a birth dearth.
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D. decide in advance how many children they should have.
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57. Breast-feeding children for long periods
A. is a luxury that mainly wealthy women enjoy.
B. limits fertility when calorie intake is low.
C. can be a successful population control strategy.
D. Both "is a luxury that mainly wealthy women enjoy" and "limits fertility when caloric intake is low"
E. Both "limits fertility when caloric intake is low" and "can be a successful population control strategy"
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E. Both "limits fertility when caloric intake is low" and "can be a successful population control strategy"
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58. Norplant is a trade name for
A. an intrauterine device.
B. the new female condom.
C. an implanted source of contraceptive hormones.
D. an injection of progesterone.
E. anewmalecondom.
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C. an implanted source of contraceptive hormones.
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59. Which of the following is a mechanical barrier to conception?
A. abortion
B. condoms
C. birth control pills
D. vasectomies
E. IUD
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B. condoms
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60. RU 486 is a
A. clinical name for injectable hormones.
B. pill that prevents fertilization.
C. pill that prevents fetal implantation.
D. hormone injected in men to prevent sperm production.
E. new hormone patch that can be placed on the skin.
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C. pill that prevents fetal implantation.
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61. One of the _________ effective ways to stabilize populations is to _________.
A. most, provide free contraceptives
B. least, provide free contraceptives
C. least, decrease child mortality
D. most, decrease child mortality
E. most, expect mandatory sterilization.
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D. most, decrease child mortality
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62. As compared to China, India’s population control programs have not been as successful as China’s.
A. True B. False.
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A. True
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63. So far, the most successful and popular solution(s) to global overpopulation have been education and the provision of family planning services.
A. True B. False
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A. True
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64. Use birth rates, death rates, emigration rates, and fertility rates to explain a current example of the population dynamics in a nation’s human population. Choose the nation you want to describe.
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ok
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65. Draw a graph that shows the relationship of education for females and infant mortality rates (6 pts). Appropriately label the x and y axis (4 pts).
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ok
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