Ch. 7 and 8 Mastering Microbio

What results from the process of translation?

mRNA
tRNA
Ribosomes
A polypeptide

A polypeptide

How is bacterial translation different from eukaryotic translation?

mRNA is read 3′ to 5′.
Bacteria can begin translation before transcription has terminated.
Bacterial translation does not involve ribosomes.

Bacteria can begin translation before transcription has terminated.

According to the animation, ribosomes move along the mRNA in which direction?

3′ to 5′
5′ to 3′
Either 5′ to 3′ or 3′ to 5′

5′ to 3′

The process of copying DNA genetic information into the form of RNA is called

transcription
transduction
translation
transformation

transcription (info is transcribed directly from DNA to RNA)

What are the products of semiconservative replication for a double-stranded DNA molecule?

Two double-stranded DNA molecules, each consisting of one parental strand and one daughter strand.
Two double-stranded DNA molecules, one consisting of two parental strands and the other consisting of two daughter strands.
One double-stranded DNA molecule consisting of one parental strand and one daughter strand.
One double-stranded DNA molecule, consisting of two daughter strands.

Two double-stranded DNA molecules, each consisting of one parental strand and one daughter strand.

Why is DNA replication essential for a cell?

It allows the organism to repair any mistakes.
An organism must copy its DNA to pass genetic information to its offspring.
All organisms require two copies of DNA.
Because DNA is double-stranded.

An organism must copy its DNA to pass genetic information to its offspring.

What is the function of the parental DNA in replication?

It serves as the template for DNA replication.
It allows for the DNA to be circular.
It gives the cell two complete copies of the DNA.
It is passed into the offspring of the parent.

It serves as the template for DNA replication.

A recombinant cell

is the result of a cell dividing.
donates DNA into a new cell.
is a cell that receives DNA from an outside source and incorporates it into its own.

is a cell that receives DNA from an outside source and incorporates it into its own.

What is the hallmark of all horizontal gene transfers?

Transfer of DNA using a virus
The use of plasmids
Transfer of DNA between organisms of the same generation
Transfer of DNA from parent to offspring

Transfer of DNA between organisms of the same generation

Which of the following is an example of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?

Transduction
Conjugation
Transformation
Conjugation and transformation
Transduction, conjugation, and transformation

Transduction, conjugation, and transformation

What term is used to describe bacterial cells that can naturally take up DNA from their environment?

Hfr cells
electroporated cells
competent cells
auxotrophs

competent cells

How can hospital personnel prevent the spread of resistant E. faecium throughout the hospital?

Hospital staff should wear masks when entering a patient’s room.
Hospital staff should wear shoe covers for the duration of their shift.
Hospital personnel should wash their hands when entering and leaving a patient’s room.
Hospital staff should never serve raw fruit and salads to patients.

WASH UR HANDS IS #1 DUH

Which of the following is NOT used by bacteria to acquire new genetic material?

crossing over
transformation
conjugation
transduction

crossing over

What does MDR mean?

multi-directional radioactivity
multi-drug-resistant
minimal drug resistance
map directed route

multi-drug-resistant

Which of the following characteristics of a chromosome would identify it as a prokaryotic chromosome rather than a eukaryotic chromosome?

It is a circular molecule.
It contains double-stranded DNA.
It contains A, C, G, and T.
It contains histones.

It is a circular molecule.

Bacterial conjugation is often referred to as bacterial sex. Why is this term inaccurate?

Sex is a phenomenon only seen in animals.
It does not require two cells to occur.
Conjugation does not result in the formation of new offspring.
Bacteria are neither male nor female.

Conjugation does not result in the formation of new offspring.

What must occur for bacterial conjugation to take place?

The cells must transfer RNA.
Each cell must contain a plasmid.
The cells must come into contact with each other.
One of the cells must be E. coli.

The cells must come into contact with each other.

Which statement about conjugation is false?

After conjugation, each cell involved has a copy of the shared DNA.
E. coli is the model for bacterial conjugation.
Conjugation is a process of bacterial reproduction.

Conjugation is a process of bacterial reproduction.

Based on the animation, what is transferred during bacterial conjugation?

A bacterial chromosome
A conjugation pilus
RNA
A bacterial plasmid

A bacterial plasmid