|
6-22. During the teenage years, the average girl requires __________ calories a day, and the average boy requires __________. a) 1,200; 2,000 |
b |
|
6-25. Obese adolescents stand a(n) __________ chance of becoming obese adults. |
c |
|
6-26. The most common nutritional concern during adolescence is __________.
a) anorexia nervosa |
b |
|
6-28. Obesity is a common nutritional concern during adolescence. The availability of fast food is a major contributor to adolescent obesity because __________. a) adolescents are too lazy to eat nutritious foods b) it delivers large portions of high-calorie and high-fat food at low prices c) cooking at home is not as popular for adolescents as it used to be d) adolescents are not educated about the quality of foods |
b |
|
6-30. Meredith is a 17-year-old adolescent female who weighs approximately 82 pounds and is gaunt and frail, with a skeletal appearance. Whenever she looks at herself in the mirror, she thinks she is disgustingly fat. Meredith is suffering from which condition? a) Anorexia nervosa b) Obesity c) Malnutrition d) Bulimia |
a |
|
6-31. Which of the following terms relates to an eating disorder characterized by bingeing on large quantities of food, followed by purging through vomiting or the use of laxatives? a) Anorexia nervosa b) Obesity c) Malnutrition d) Bulimia |
d |
|
6-32. Stella is a 16-year-old adolescent female who privately eats large quantities of food and then purges it immediately afterward by making herself vomit. Stella is suffering from __________. a) anorexia nervosa b) obesity c) bulimia d) malnutrition |
c |
|
6-33. Which of the following adolescents is least likely to develop an eating disorder? a) One who is clinically depressed b) One who is already dieting c) One who matured later than her peers d) One who desires control and success |
c |
|
6-34. What is the area of the brain that undergoes considerable development during the adolescent years? a) Myelin bridges b) Cerebral cortex c) Corpus callosum d) Prefrontal cortex |
d |
|
6-46. In what way does a woman’s body react differently to binge drinking than a man’s? a) Binge drinking causes women to eat less and become malnourished. b) Binge drinking leads to more urination and bladder control problems in women. c) Women tend to binge on mixed drinks as opposed to high-calorie beer and thus do not experience the sudden weight gain that men do. d) Women tend to weigh less than men, so their bodies cannot absorb alcohol as efficiently, and they become drunk more quickly. |
d |
|
6-55. According to Piaget, the stage at which people develop the ability to think abstractly is called the __________. a) concrete operational stage b) preoperational stage c) formal operational stage d) theory of mind |
c |
|
6-57. According to Piaget, what do adolescents employ during the formal operational stage of development that helps them reason differently than children in the concrete development stage? a) A prefrontal cortex b) Additional myelinated neurons c) Propositional thought d) Adolescent egocentrism |
c |
|
6-63. Brazilian adolescent boys who feel invulnerable and engage in risky behavior such as riding the roofs of high-speed trains are exhibiting __________. a) formal operation thought disorder b) adolescent egocentrism c) personal fables d) an imaginary audience |
c |
|
6-64. When an adolescent’s newly sophisticated metacognitive capability causes him/her to become self-absorbed and believe that the world is focused on only them, this is called __________. a) fantasy b) adolescent egocentrism c) schizophrenia d) formal operational thought disorder |
b |
|
6-65. The state of self-absorption in which the world is viewed as focused on oneself is referred to as __________. a) formal operational thought disorder b) schizophrenia c) adolescent egocentrism d) fantasy |
c |
|
6-66. Fifteen-year-old Lawrence thought he had prepared for his final exams; however, when he got his scores, he was disappointed. Rather than reviewing the areas of the test where he did not fare so well, Lawrence confronted his teacher with a verbal lashing and accused the teacher of being "out to get" him. Lawrence’s behavior could be considered an example of __________. a) self-centeredness b) a psychological disorder c) adolescent egocentrism d) formal operational thought disorder |
c |
|
6-67. Which of the following is a type of thinking that is evident in both early childhood and adolescence? a) Concrete operational thought b) Egocentrism c) Imaginary audience d) Personal fable |
b |
|
6-68. 16-year-old Sally primps in front of every mirror she comes across and believes that she is the focus of everyone’s attention—even fictitious observers. Sally is demonstrating __________. a) adolescent egocentrism b) imaginary audience c) formal operation thought disorder d) personal fable |
b |
|
6-69. Egocentrism leads to a distortion in thinking: the notion that one’s experiences are unique. This may lead the adolescent to develop __________. a) a mental illness b) an imaginary audience c) a formal operation thought disorder d) personal fables |
d |
|
6-70. The view held by some adolescents that what happens to them is unique, exceptional, and shared by no one else is called __________. a) imaginary audience b) personal fable c) adolescent egocentrism d) formal operation thought disorder |
b |
|
6-71. Adolescents who engage in risky behaviors such as not using condoms when engaging in sexual activity and driving recklessly when drunk are exhibiting __________; they feel that no bad consequences of these risky behaviors could possibly happen to them. a) adolescent egocentrism b) an imaginary audience c) a formal operation thought disorder d) a personal fable |
d |
|
6-73. All of the following are possible factors in the gap in educational achievement between U.S. students and other students around the world EXCEPT __________. a) U.S. students spend less time in classes and get less intensive instruction. b) there is a broader diversity of students in the United States than in other countries, where the school population is more homogeneous and affluent. c) U.S. parents and students do not care as much about education as do parents and students from other countries. d) the high school graduation rate of U.S. students is lower than that in many other countries. |
c |
|
6-74. Students in which country have the highest academic achievement in math and science in the world? a) Japan b) United States c) Italy d) Finland |
d |
|
6-84. Which of the following teenagers is LEAST likely to drop out of high school prior to graduation in the United States? a) An African American male b) A Caucasian American female c) An Asian American male d) An Hispanic American male |
c |
|
6-85. Poverty plays a large role in determining whether a student completes high school. Students from lower-income households are __________ more likely to drop out than are middle- and higher-income students. a) two times b) three times c) four times d) five times |
b |
|
6-86. Adrienne is a 16-year-old girl who is searching for her identity. Which of the following would NOT be an example of the search for her self-concept? a) She would describe herself using only a list of traits. b) She would have a broader view of herself and be able to see various aspects of herself simultaneously. c) She would look at herself from a psychological perspective. d) She would be able to consider both her views and the views of others. |
a |
|
6-87. Adolescents’ self-concept comprises all of the following EXCEPT __________. a) viewing personal traits as abstractions b) seeing various aspects of the self simultaneously c) considering only traits they fully like in themselves d) including others’ views of themselves along with their own |
c |
|
6-91. Some developmentalists have considered the combination of race and gender as simultaneously affecting an adolescent’s self-esteem, thus coining the term __________. a) self-concept b) ethgender c) multiple gender identity d) identity versus identity confusion stage. |
b |
|
6-92. According to Erikson, the period during which teenagers seek to determine what is unique and distinctive about themselves is called __________. a) self-disclosure b) the identity versus identity confusion stage c) the self-esteem stage d) the self-concept stage |
b |
|
6-94. According to Erikson, an adolescent’s reliance on peers to help them define their identities and learn to form relationships is the link between the __________. a) industry versus inferiority stages b) identity versus identity confusion and intimacy versus isolation stages c) identity versus identity confusion and industry versus inferiority stages d) identity versus identity confusion and generativity versus stagnation stages |
b |
|
6-95. In Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development, what is the positive outcome of the fifth stage, called the identity versus identity confusion stage? a) Discovery of ways to initiate actions b) Development of a sense of competence c) Awareness of uniqueness of self and a knowledge of roles d) Development of loving, sexual relationships and close friendships |
c |
|
6-96. During adolescence, all of the following are true EXCEPT __________. a) adolescents increasingly rely on their friends and peers as sources of information b) societal pressures on adolescents to make education and occupation decisions are high during the identity versus identity confusion stage c) adolescents’ dependence on adults declines d) adolescents lack sufficient brain development to make informed decisions |
d |
|
6-97. Erikson believed that because of the pressures related to the identity versus identity confusion stage, many adolescents __________. a) never have the opportunity to experience adolescence fully before they mature and move on to young adulthood b) become psychologically scarred for life and never fully mature c) pursue a "psychological moratorium," during which they take time off from responsibilities to explore alternative roles and possibilities d) regress psychologically to childhood, when life was simpler |
c |
|
6-98. Psychologist James Marcia suggests that adolescent identity can be seen in terms of the presence or absence of two characteristics: __________. a) industry and withdrawal b) inferiority and assertiveness c) identity acceptance and identity refusal d) crisis and commitment |
d |
|
6-99. According to James Marcia’s definition, crisis is __________. a) a period of identity development in which an adolescent consciously chooses between various alternatives and makes decisions b) a period in which the adolescent finds himself/herself in physical jeopardy or danger c) a period in which the adolescent makes a psychological investment in a course of action or an ideology d) a period in which the adolescent finds himself/herself having to make the decision to take a psychological moratorium |
a |
|
6-100. According to James Marcia’s definition, commitment is __________. a) a time when an adolescent consciously chooses between various alternatives and makes decisions b) psychological investment in a course of action or an ideology c) a period when an adolescent feels he/she is mature enough for a committed relationship d) a period of identity development when the adolescent decides whether to concentrate on his/her own development or dedicate himself/herself to others |
b |
|
6-101. Psychologist James Marcia proposed __________ categories of adolescent identity. a) three b) four c) five d) eight |
b |
|
6-102. According to James Marcia, the status of adolescents who commit to a particular identity following a period of crisis during which they consider various alternatives is called __________. a) identity foreclosure b) identity achievement c) moratorium d) identity diffusion |
… |
|
6-102. According to James Marcia, the status of adolescents who commit to a particular identity following a period of crisis during which they consider various alternatives is called __________. a) identity foreclosure b) identity achievement c) moratorium d) identity diffusion |
b |
|
6-102. According to James Marcia, the status of adolescents who commit to a particular identity following a period of crisis during which they consider various alternatives is called __________. a) identity foreclosure b) identity achievement c) moratorium d) identity diffusion |
b |
|
6-103. According to Marcia, which of the following four categories of identity development leads to the greatest psychological health, achievement motivation, and moral reasoning ability in adolescents? a) Identity diffusion b) Identity foreclosure c) Moratorium d) Identity achievement |
d |
|
6-104. According to James Marcia, the status of adolescents who prematurely commit to an identity without adequately exploring alternatives is called __________. a) identity diffusion b) identity foreclosure c) moratorium d) identity achievement |
b |
|
6-105. According to James Marcia, which category of identity development leads to "rigid strength," authoritarian behavior, and a high need for social approval? a) Moratorium b) Identity achievement c) Identity diffusion d) Identity foreclosure |
d |
|
6-106. According to James Marcia, the status of adolescents who may have explored various identity alternatives to some degree but have not yet committed themselves is called __________. a) moratorium b) identity achievement c) identity diffusion d) identity foreclosure |
a |
|
6-107. According to James Marcia, adolescents in which category of identity development show relatively high anxiety and psychological conflict but are often also lively and appealing and seek intimacy with others? a) Identity diffusion b) Moratorium c) Identity foreclosure d) Identity achievement |
b |
|
6-108. According to James Marcia, the status of adolescents who neither explore nor commit to any identity alternatives is called __________. a) identity diffusion b) moratorium c) identity foreclosure d) identity achievement |
a |
|
6-110. According to James Marcia, when an adolescent moves back and forth between the moratorium and identity achievement categories of identity development, this is called __________. a) identity diffusion b) moratorium c) a "MAMA" cycle d) identity foreclosure |
c |
|
6-119. The rate of adolescent suicide in the United States has __________ in the last 30 years. a) doubled b) tripled c) quadrupled d) remained the same |
b |
|
6-120. The annual rate for adolescent suicide in the United States is __________ suicides per 100,000 adolescents. a) 1.6 b) 12.2 c) 22.2 d) 30.4 |
b |
|
6-121. Even though some adolescent suicide is underreported, suicide is the __________ most common cause of adolescent death in the 15- to 24-year-old group. a) second b) third c) fourth d) first |
b |
|
6-122. Why do adolescent boys succeed in committing suicide more often than adolescent girls? a) Boys attempt suicide more frequently than girls. b) Boys encounter more serious episodes of major depression than girls. c) Boys experience greater social stigma for attempting suicide than girls. d) Boys tend to use more violent means, such as guns, to attempt suicide. |
d |
|
6-123. What is the third most common cause of death in the 15- to 24-year-old age group? a) alcohol b) accidents c) suicide d) health problems |
c |
|
6-125. When one suicide leads to attempts by others to kill themselves, this is called __________. a) mass suicide b) cluster suicide c) suicide ideation d) self-fulfilling prophecy |
b |
|
6-126. Warren is a 16-year-old male who recently started to give away important possessions, stopped eating, and demonstrated general depression by being lethargic and uncommunicative. Warren may be demonstrating a warning sign of __________. a) an eating disorder b) mental illness c) suicide d) a brain lesion |
c |
|
6-136. When adolescents compare and evaluate opinions, abilities, and physical changes, this is called __________. a) social reference b) social comparison c) peer review d) reference groups |
b |
|
6-138. Groups of people with whom one compares oneself are called __________. a) associates b) cohorts c) reference groups d) social references |
c |
|
6-140. Groups of 2 to 12 people whose members have frequent social interactions with one another are called __________. a) peers b) cliques c) reference groups d) cohorts |
b |
|
6-141. Larger groups composed of individuals who share particular characteristics but who may not interact with one another are called __________. a) cliques b) crowds c) peers d) cohorts |
b |
|
6-142. Sally’s adolescent classmates call her and the other 125 members of her advanced computer software group "nerds," meaning she is part of a __________. a) sorority b) crowd c) clique d) personal fable |
b |
|
6-143. Adolescent membership in particular cliques and crowds is often determined by __________. a) how geographically close the adolescents reside to one another b) the gender of the adolescents c) the degree of similarity with members of the group d) socioeconomic class |
c |
|
6-144. What developments lead to the change in the way adolescents view the opposite sex? a) Peer pressure b) Onset of puberty and social expectations regarding romantic involvement c) Membership in cliques or crowds d) Disintegration of the parent-adolescent relationship, which leads adolescents to seek companionship elsewhere |
b |
|
6-145. If an adolescent student is mostly liked by other students, that adolescent is considered __________. a) well-adjusted b) popular c) controversial d) envied |
b |
|
6-146. If an adolescent student is liked by some and disliked by others, that adolescent is considered __________. a) rejected b) popular c) controversial d) neglected |
c |
|
6-147. Allison is well liked by the other members of her swim team, but not well liked by other adolescent girls in her homeroom class. Allison would be considered __________. a) controversial b) popular c) rejected d) neglected |
a |
|
6-148. Children and adolescents who are uniformly disliked are called __________. a) controversial b) popular c) rejected d) neglected |
c |
|
6-149. Andrew is a 16-year-old who does not participate in any sports or clubs in school and does not attend social events or have a girlfriend. Nobody likes Andrew because he is aggressive and difficult to get along with, and, subsequently, he feels lonely. Andrew would be considered __________. a) rejected b) outcast c) controversial d) neglected |
a |
|
6-150. Children and adolescents who receive relatively little attention from their peers in the form of either positive or negative interactions are called __________. a) rejected b) outcast c) controversial d) neglected |
d |
|
6-152. An adolescent delinquent who is raised with little discipline or by harsh, uncaring parents is called __________. a) a juvenile delinquent b) conduct disordered c) oppositional defiant d) an undersocialized delinquent |
d |
|
6-153. Randal is a 17-year-old whose parents have left him mostly on his own for several years. They leave for days on end to drink and gamble, leaving no food or assistance for him in the home. When they do come around, they often beat Randal and criticize him because the house is unkempt. Randal is usually on the streets, vandalizing cars and getting involved in arson. Randal would be categorized as __________. a) a juvenile delinquent b) conduct disordered c) an undersocialized delinquent d) oppositional defiant |
c |
|
6-156. Adolescent delinquents who know and subscribe to the norms of society and who are fairly normal psychologically are called __________. a) undersocialized delinquents b) antisocial personalities c) socialized delinquents d) conduct disordered |
c |
|
6-157. Differences between undersocialized and socialized delinquents include all of the following EXCEPT __________. a) socialized delinquents live a life of crime into adulthood, while undersocialized delinquents are more likely to be rehabilitated b) undersocialized delinquents participate in petty crimes, while socialized delinquents engage in serious crimes c) socialized delinquents are highly influenced by peer pressure, and their delinquency often occurs in groups d) socialized delinquents are fairly normal psychologically, while undersocialized delinquents suffer from psychological disorders such as attention deficit disorder |
a |
|
6-200. In terms of high school graduation rates, the United States is consistently among the top five countries in the world. |
false |
|
6-204. During early adolescence, boys’ self-esteem is typically higher than that of girls. |
true |
|
6-206. According to James Marcia’s four categories of adolescent identity development, adolescents are "stuck" in one category at a time. |
false |
|
6-207. According to James Marcia, identity gels in the late teens and early 20s for most people. |
true |
|
6-210. The rate of adolescent suicide has tripled in the last 30 years. |
true |
|
6-211. Adolescent boys commit suicide at a higher rate than girls; however, adolescent girls attempt suicide more often than boys. |
true |
|
6-212. The suicide rate for other segments of U.S. society has increased at the same rate as it has for adolescents. |
false |
|
6-225. Suicide rates for homosexual adolescents are the same as those for heterosexual adolescents. |
false |
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