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Atoms with the same number of protons but with different electrical charges _____. |
Are different ions. |
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In salt, what is the nature of the bond between sodium and chlorine? |
Ionic |
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What is the result of the animated process? |
A positively charged sodium ion and a negatively charged chlorine ion. |
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An ionic bond involves _____. |
An attraction between ions of opposite charge. |
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Which of these figures correctly illustrates the nature of the bonding of H2O? |
|
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What type of bond joins the carbon atom to each of the hydrogen atoms? |
Single (nonpolar) covalent |
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What is the atomic number of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons? |
6 |
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Which of these refers to atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses? |
These atoms are isotopes. |
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Fluorine’s atomic number is 9 and its atomic mass is 19. How many neutrons does fluorine have? |
10 |
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An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many protons does boron have? |
5 |
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What is the term for an atom that is electrically charged as a result of gaining or losing electrons? |
ion |
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The brackets are indicating a(n) _____ bond |
Hydrogen |
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What name is given to the bond between water molecules? |
Hydrogen |
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Each water molecule is joined to _____ other water molecules by ____ bonds. |
four ……. hydrogen |
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The unequal sharing of electrons within a water molecule makes the water molecule _____. |
polar |
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The tendency of an atom to pull electrons toward itself is referred to as its _____. |
electronegativity |
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In this molecule, what type of bond is found between the oxygen and hydrogens? |
polar covalent |
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Which of these bonds is weakest? |
|
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Why isn’t this insect drowning? |
Surface tension |
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A phrase that applies to covalent bonding and not other kinds of bonds is … |
electron-sharing |
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The term for a solution with a low pH number, such as lemon juice or vinegar, is |
acidic |
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The term for a solution that has an equal concentration of H+ and OH- is |
neutral |
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The term for a solution with a high pH number, such as ammonia or bleach, is |
basic |
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An acid is a compound that donates ____ to a solution. |
H+ |
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The higher the pH number, the higher the concentration of _____ in a solution. |
OH- |
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A substance that accepts H+ when they are in excess and donates H+ when their concentration drops is called a(n) ____. |
buffer |
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The tendency of water molecules to stick together is called __________. |
cohesion |
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What is the pH inside most living cells? |
pH 7 |
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Silicon has an atomic number of 14 and a mass number of 28. How many neutrons are found in silicon? |
14 |
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Carbon-12 and carbon-13 are different in the number of their _____. |
neutrons |
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Four elements combine to make about 96% of the mass of the human body. Which of the following elements is one of the four? |
carbon |
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An atom’s ________ are found in its nucleus. |
neutrons and protons |
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The four most common elements found in living organisms are ________. |
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen |
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The bond between oppositely charged ions is a(n) ________ bond. |
ionic |
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What name is given to bonds that involve the sharing of electrons? |
covalent |
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Adjacent water molecules are joined by ________ bonds. |
hydrogen |
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Sweating cools your body by ________. |
evaporative cooling |
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As water freezes, ________. |
its molecules move farther apart |
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