ch. 1 abnormal

one who systematically gathers info in order to describe, predict, and explain abnormality is a clinical:

scientist

if you wanted a career in which you focus on detecting, assessing, and treating abnormal patterns of functioning, you should look into becoming a clinical:

practitioner

the stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a soviet establishes are referred to as:

norms

behavior that violates legal norms is:

deviant and criminal

the history, values, institutions, technology, and arts of a society make up that society’s:

culture

which of the following depressed people would be the LEAST likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder-because of specific circumstances?
someone whose mother is depressed, someone whose community was destroyed by a tornado, someone who was experiencing a chemical brain imbalance, and someone who was an alcoholic

someone whose community was destroyed by a tornado

R.D. Laing said, "Insanity- a perfectly rational adjustment to an insane world." This statement illustrates:

that abnormality is situational

that 42 percent of people go to church and 39 percent snoop in their hosts’ medicine cabinets demonstrates the principle that:

statistical deviance is not the same thing as abnormality

if a person experienced anxiety or depression following a significant natural disaster, we would say that the person was:

exhibiting a typical reaction

people who engage in frenetic, manic activity may not experience distress. They are:

nevertheless considered to be abnormal

a person who is so miserable that he or she can see no reason for living BEST fits which of the following definitions of abnormality?

distress

an individual has a 9-5 job. However, this person seldom gets up early enough to be at work on time, and expresses great distress over this behavior. This individual’s behavior would be considered abnormal because it is:

dysfunctional and deviant

which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively?

dysfunction

which of the following would NOT be considered abnormal, despite the fact that the person’s behavior is dysfunctional? someone who is too confused to drive safely, who parties so much that he/she can’t go to class, who goes on a hunger strike to protest social injustice, or who cannot stay alone for even one night

someone who goes on a hunger strike to protest social injustice

A secrete service agent steps infront of the president, prepared to be killed or injured if the president’s safety is threaten. psychologically speaking, the secret service agent’s behavior is:

dysfunctional, and psychologically abnormal

research shows that danger to self or others is found in:

some cases of abnormal functioning

despite popular misconception, most people with psychological problems are not:

dangerous

according to thomas szasz’s views, the deviations that some call mental illness are really:

problems in living

a researcher spends 15 or more hours per day conducting experiments or doing library reading and records observations on color-coded index cards. This person lives alone in the country, but he doesn’t interfere with other’s lives. The BEST description of the researcher’s behavior is that it is:

eccentric

college students who drink so much that it interferes with their lives, health, and academic careers are often not diagnosed as engaging in abnormal behavior because:

drinking is considered a part of college culture

defining abnormal behavior, using the "four Ds":

is still often vague and subjective

lady gaga and other eccentrics are usually not considered to be experiencing mental illness because:

while they are distressed by their behavior, others are not

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eccentrics noted by researchers in the field? being a poor speller, having a diagnosable mental illness, being creative, enjoying one’s life

having a diagnosable mental illness

studies show that eccentrics are more likely than those with mental disorders to say:

I’m different and I like it

clinical theorist Jerome Frank would say that all forms of therapy include all of the following EXCEPT a: series of contacts, healer, third party player, or sufferer who seeks relief

third-party payer

one who sees abnormality as a problem in living usually refers to those seeking help with their problems is living as:

clients

several researchers have shown that in a typical year in the U.S. about what percentage of adults show disturbances severe enough to need clinical treatment?

over 15 percent

which of the following "new diagnoses" would one experiencing overwhelming concern about being bombarded with excessive information on the internet MOST likely receive? eco-anxiety, terrorism terror, crime phobia, and cyber fear

cyber fear

which of the following "new diagnoses" would someone experiencing overwhelming concern about the security of travel on planes and subways MOST likely receive? eco-anxiety, terrorism terror, crime phobia, cyber fear

terrorism terror

which of the following "new diagnoses" would someone experiencing overwhelming concern about where the safest neighborhoods and schools are located be MOST likely to receive? eco-anxiety, terrorism terror, crime phobia, or cyber fear

crime phobia

the use of exorcism in early societies suggests a belief that abnormal behavior was caused by:

evil spirits

a person seeking help for a psychological abnormality is made to drink bitter herbal potions then submit to a beating, in the hope that "evil spirits" will be driven from the person’s body. This form of "therapy" is called:

exorcism

if you were being treated by a shaman, you wold MOST likely be undergoing:

exorcism

hippocrates believed that treatment for mental disorders should involve:

brining the four body humors back into balance

hippocrates’ contribution to the development of our understanding of mental illness was the view that such conditions were the result of:

natural causes

hippocrates thought that abnormal behavior resulted from an imbalance in the four humors, one of which was:

phlegm

hippocrates attempted to treat mental disordered by:

correcting underlying physical pathology

bob experiences unshakable sadness. his friends have stopped trying to cheer him up because nothing works. an ancient greek physician would have labeled his condition:

melancholia

a flash mob is MOST similar to:

mass madness

what model of mental illness did MOST people believe in during the middle age?

the demonology model

tarantism and lycanthropy are examples of:

mass madness

st. virus’s dance, characterized by people suddenly going into convulsions, jumping around, and dancing, was also known as:

tarantism

"mass madness" is a general term that includes all of the following disorders common in the middle ages in europe EXCEPT: tarantism, lycanthropy, exorcism, or St. Vitus’s dance

exorcism

those MOST often in charge of treating abnormality in the middle ages in europe were the:

clergy

during the middle ages in europe, demonology dominated views of abnormality for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: the power of clergy increased greatly, the church rejected scientific forms of investigation, church controlled education, and culture rejected religious beliefs

culture rejected religious beliefs

the individual considered to be the founder of the modern study of psychopathology is :

Johann Weyer

Johann Weyer, considered to be the founder of the modern study of psychopathology, was a physician in the:

1500s

pilgrims in Europe in the 1600s would be MOST likely to go for "psychic healing" to:

Wheel, Belgium

in many areas, asylums of the 1500s, such as Bethlehem Hospital in London, became:

tourist attractions

treatment for mental illness in the early asylums tended to be:

harsh and cruel

what is the distinction of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in London in 1547?

popularly called Bedlam, it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients

the basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief that:

mental illness should be treated with sympathy and kindness

the man who brought the reforms of moral therapy to northern England was:

william tuke

the man who brought the reforms of moral therapy to the U.S. was:

benjamin rush

the american school teacher who lobbied state legislatures for laws to mandate human treatment of people with mental disorders was:

dorothea dix

which of the following is part of the legacy of dorothea dix? deinstitutionalization, state mental hospitals, federal prisons, or privatization of mental hospitals

state mental hospitals

the decline in the use of moral treatment and the rise in the use of custodial care in mental hospitals at the end of the twentieth century is due to all of the following EXCEPT: the total lack of success of moral treatment, too many hospitals resulting in money and staff shortages, prejudice against poor immigrants, or lack of public private funding for hospitals

the total lack of success of moral

the "moral treatment" movement rapidly declined in the late nineteenth century because:

hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded

one factor that contributed to the decline of moral therapy was:

it did not work for everyone

hippocrates’ model of mental illness can be described as:

somatogenic

the fact that some people in the advanced stages of AIDS experience neurological damage that results in psychological abnormality supports what type of perspective about abnormal functioning?

somatogenic

the discovery of the links between general paresis and syphilis was made by

Richard von Kraft-Ebing

the finding that syphilis causes general paresis is important because it supports the idea that

organic factors can cause mental illness

for those who hold the somatogenic view of mental illness, the best treatment setting for those with mental disorders would be a:

hospital

which of the following statements would offer the LEAST support for the somatogenic view of abnormal behavior? hypnotism has helped people quit smoking, alcoholism runs in families, people with lyme disease often have psychological symptoms, most people with depression are helped with medication

hypnotism has helped people give up smoking

eugenics had as its goal sterilization of people with mental disorders, a policy based on the idea that mentally ill people:

should not be allowed to pass on their defective genes

eugenics sterilizations refers to the ________ perspective on abnormality

somatogenic

the somatogenic treatment for mental illness that seems to have been MOST successful was the use of:

various medications

syphilis is to the somatogenic approach as ________ is to the psychogenic approach

hypnotism

hypnotism is associated with all of the following EXCEPT: Mesmer, somatogenic perspective, psychodynamic therapy, the late 1700s

the somatogenic perspective

mesmer became famous-or infamous-for his work with patients suffering from bodily problems with no physical basis. His patients’ disorders are termed:

hysterical

an otherwise "normal" person under the influence of hypnotic suggestion is made to bark, sit, and fetch like a dog. The occurrence of these "abnormal" behaviors lends support to which explanation for abnormality?

psychogenic

which perspective was supported by the discovery that the symptoms of hysteria (ex: mysterious paralysis) could be induced by hypnosis?

psychogenic

Bernheim and Liebault used hypnotic suggestion to induce hysterical disorders in "normal" people, providing support for which perspective of abnormality?

psychogenic

the early psychogenic treatment that was advocated by Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud was:

hypnotism

acquiring insight about unconscious physiological processes is a feature of:

psychoanalysis

psychoanalysis as a form of

outpatient therapy

psychoanalysis, as freud developed it, was a form of what we now would call

outpatient therapy

which of the following patients is MOST likely to benefit from psychoanalytic treatment?

someone who is insightful and thinks clearly

regarding the cause of mental disorders, surveys have found that 43% of people today believe that mental illness is caused by which of the following? sinful behavior, lack of willpower, lack of self-discipline, something people bring on themselves

something people bring on themselves

people with severe mental illnesses are LESS likely to be ___________ than they were 50 years ago

hospitalized in mental institutions

which of the following best reflects the impact of deinstitutionalization? fine/most people with severe disturbances are receiving treatment, not so well/many people with severe disturbances are in jail or on the street, better than hospitalization/at least care is consistent and there is no shuttling back and forth through different levels of care, well/communities have been able to pick up the care of those with severe disturbances

not so well/ many people with severe disturbances are in jail or on the street

a medical researcher develops a drug that decreases symptoms of depression and other "mood" disorders. The general term for this type of drug is:

psychotropic

drugs designed to decrease extremely confused and distorted thinking are termed

antipsychotic

drugs that alleviate the symptoms of mental dysfunction by affecting the brain are called

psychotropics

dave is confused and usually thinks that he is king David. If his psychiatrist ordered medication, it would MOST likely be a(n)

antipsychotic drug

jena is experiencing sadness, lack of energy, and low self-worth. The condition is chronic and severe. If her psychiatrist prescribed medication it would likely be a(n)

antidepressant drug

if your primary symptom were excessive worry, the psychotropic drug for you would be an

anti-anxiety medication

the number of patients hospitalized in mental hospitals in the U.S. today is MOST similar to the number hospitalized in

1990

one cause of the increase in homeless individuals in recent decades has been the

policy of deinstitutionalization

in the U.S. today, one is MOST likely to find a severely ill mental patient

on the street or in jail

which of the following statements BEST reflects the current care for people with less severe disturbances? many are treated by generalists who specialize in a number of different types of disorders, private insurance companies are likely to cover outpatient treatment, it’s difficult to find treatment for someone experiencing "problem in living", private psychotherapy is available only to the wealthy

private insurance companies are likely to cover outpatient treatment

problems with marital, family, peer, work, school, or community relationships would be MOST similar to: the sort of problems freud treated, other problems of living, problems treated in specialized treatment centers, other problems treated with antipsychotics

other problems in living

suicide prevention, substance abuse treatment, and eating disorder clinics are MOST similar to which kind of market? a large market that offers many different types of foods, a store that specializes in one type of food, a mom & pop store that carries old fashioned food, a high-end market that serves only the wealthy

a store that specializes in only one type of food

the approach to therapy for mental illness in which a person pays a psychotherapist for services is called

private psychotherapy

surveys suggest that about what proportion of adults in the U.S. receive psychological therapy in typical year?

1 in 6

if you are a typical person undergoing therapy in the US, your therapy will last for

fewer than five sessions

a significant change in the type of care offered now compared to the time Freud was practicing is that:

people are more likely to receive treatment for "problems in living"

efforts to address the needs of children who are at risk for developing mental disorders (babies of teenage mothers, children of those with severe mental disorders) are categorized as:

preventive

efforts to help people develop personally meaningful activities and healthy relationships are a part of:

the clinical practice of positive psychology

which of the following pairs of words BEST describes the current emphasis of mental health? prevention and positive psychology, promotion and public psychology, perfection and primary psychology, or people and professional psychology

prevention and positive psychology

a psychologist focuses on optimism, wisdom, happiness, and interpersonal skill. the psychologist is MOST likely:

a positive psychologist

if your university had a first-year program designed to ease the transition from high school to college and to decrease the dropout rates, that program would have elements MOST similar to

mental health prevention programs

if your university had a program designed to help students achieve their full potential, physically, educationally, and spiritually, that program would have elements MOST similar to

positive psychology programs

immigration trends and differences in birth rates among minority groups in the US have cause psychological treatment to become more

multicultural

if you were receiving multicultural therapy, you could expect all of the following EXCEPT: greater sensitivity to cultural issues in therapy, a focus on the uniqueness of the issues you face, a focus on healthy feelings and actions rather than on problems, sensitivity to the traditions of your particular culture

a focus on healthy feelings and actions rather than on problems

"what the $%#& is going on? The insurance company says I have to stop my anger management program now!" The client who says this is MOST likely voicing a concern about a

managed care program

which of the following is NOT a common feature of managed care programs? limited pool of practitioners for patients to choose from, pre approval for treatment by the insurance company, ongoing reviews and assessments, patients choice in number of sessions that therapy can last

patient choice in number of sessions that therapy can last

parity laws for insurance coverage of mental healthy treatment mandate that:

coverage for mental and physical problems must be reimbursed equally

which of the following sequences is correct in terms of prominence of mental health treatments in the US during the twentieth century and beyond? sociocultural/biological/psychoanalytic/behavioral, psychoanalytic/biological/cognitive/sociocultural, humanistic/sociocultural/biological/psychoanalytic, biological/humanistic/psychoanalytic/sociocultural

psychoanalytic, biological, cognitive, sociocultural

which of the following statement is TRUE about the participation of women in the mental health professions? there are more women in social work than in counseling professions, women are least often found in medicine and most often found in social work, the profession with the highest percentage of women is counseling, or the majority of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists are ment

the profession with the highest percentage of women in counseling

a physician who offers psychotherapy is called a

psychiatrist

one major difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists is that psychiatrists:

went to med school

the specialty that presently has the largest number of practitioners is

psychiatric social work

after med school a psychiatrists receives three to four years of training in the treatment of abnormal functioning, this is called

residency

imagine a person who works in a mental hospital analyzing various treatment protocols to see how multicultural factors impact success rates. this person is MOST likely a

clinical researcher

a person is hard at work trying to discover which combination of environmental and genetic factors produces schizophrenia. Most likely, the person is a

clinical researcher

which of the following is the MOST accurate conclusion about the current state of abnormal psychology in the US? there is no single definition of abnormality/ no one theoretical understanding of the causes of mental illness/ and no single best treatment, we do know what mental illness is but we don’t understand what causes it/or the best way to treat it, we haven’t advanced much beyond the demonology era, now we understand what causes mental illness and how best to treat it plus we can define it

there is no single definition of abnormality, no one theoretical understanding of the causes of mental illness, and no single best treatment

the MOST accurate summary of the filed of abnormal psychology at the present time is that clinical psychology generally

do not accept one definition of abnormality and practice more than one form of treatment

one who studies the history of the field of abnormal psychology MOST likely would compare our current understanding of abnormal behavior to a book that:

is in the process of being written