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A(n) ________ is an employee organization that represents workers in employee-management bargaining over job-related issues.
A. trades guild
B. union
C. ESOP
D. cross-functional team
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B
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The presence of formal labor organizations in the United States dates back to the:
A. late 1700s.
B. Civil War.
C. late 1800s.
D. depression years of the 1930s.
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A
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Unions were originally formed __________________.
A. to make certain that there were an equal number of nonmanagement and management- level employees within the company
B. to uphold the state and federal laws under which businesses operate
C. to seek protection against unfair treatment
D. to seek worker corporate voting rights, the same as stockholders
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C
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According to business observers, which of the following is a reason for labor’s decline?
A. Shifts from service to manufacturing industries
B. Decline in part-time work
C. Labor’s success in seeing issues it championed become law
D. Increased local competition
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C
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The union movement in the United States was an outgrowth of the economic transition caused by the:
A. Revolutionary War.
B. Great Depression.
C. Industrial Revolution.
D. passage of antitrust legislation by the federal government.
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C
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Labor unions were largely responsible for:
A. establishing the Republican party.
B. the basic structure of the federal income tax system.
C. the passage of NAFTA.
D. minimum wage laws and laws against child labor.
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D
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The purpose of the earliest recognized labor unions in the U.S. was:
A. to achieve some short-range goals and then disband.
B. to achieve long-range foundations for their crafts.
C. to teach their crafts to new workers.
D. to enhance the reputations of their members
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A
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The first national labor organization in the United States was the:
A. Knights of Labor.
B. Congress of Industrial Organizations.
C. American Federation of Labor.
D. United Farm Workers Union.
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A
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Membership in the Knights of Labor was:
A. limited to skilled craftsmen.
B. limited to unskilled and semiskilled workers who belonged to industrial unions.
C. open to all working people, including employers.
D. open to anyone willing to promote capitalism as the economic system most likely to lead to economic prosperity for the working men and women of the United States.
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C
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The main goal of the Knights of Labor was to:
A. promote world peace through the creation of a brotherhood and sisterhood of workers in all nations.
B. gain political power and restructure the U.S. economy.
C. form an organization that would protect the benefits of retired workers.
D. promote a better public education system.
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B
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In a(n) ________, all of the members are skilled specialists in a particular trade.
A. ESOP
B. craft union
C. industrial union
D. trade federation
|
B
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__________ provided dynamic leadership for the American Federation of Labor during its early years.
A. Karl Marx
B. Kenneth Adams
C. George Meany
D. Samuel Gompers
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D
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The AFL was concerned primarily with:
A. fundamental labor issues.
B. gaining political power.
C. forming a workers’ army to lead a socialist revolution.
D. promoting a better public education system.
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A
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In its early years, the AFL’s strategy was to:
A. grow as rapidly as possible by allowing people from all professions and walks of life to join.
B. limit its membership to skilled craftspeople.
C. limit its membership to unskilled and semiskilled workers.
D. form one big craft union which everyone could join; but it later split into several smaller organizations.
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B
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The CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations) organized unskilled and semiskilled workers into:
A. craft unions.
B. a political party.
C. industrial unions.
D. union shops.
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C
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The __________ was set up as a federation of many separate craft unions.
A. Knights of Labor
B. Committee of Industrial Organizations
C. League of Unions
D. American Federation of Labor (AFL)
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D
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In the early years, there were power struggles among the larger national unions. Leaders recognized that there was power in numbers. After the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947,
A. the CIO defeated the AFL.
B. the "Change to Win" campaign emerged.
C. the AFL and CIO merged.
D. the unions collapsed for several years.
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C
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The Industrial Revolution was characterized by a(n):
A. increased emphasis on production, resulting in longer hours and less job security for most workers.
B. migration of manufacturing jobs from the Midwest and Northeast to the South as firms began locating in areas where labor costs were lower.
C. rapid improvement in the wages and working conditions of most workers, resulting in a decline in the need for labor unions.
D. movement away from scientific management, and a greater acceptance of the ideas of Herzberg and Maslow.
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A
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Critics of labor unions argue that unions are no longer needed to protect workers from abusive and unfair treatment because:
A. the widespread use of ESOPs has given most workers control over their workplace.
B. supply and demand conditions in labor markets now favor labor rather than management.
C. laws and modern management attitudes minimize the possibility of unsafe working conditions and unfair treatment of workers found in earlier eras.
D. most of the firms that treated workers poorly have moved their operations to foreign countries.
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C
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A major reason John L. Lewis and his followers broke with the AFL and formed the CIO was that:
A. the leaders of the AFL wanted to focus on political objectives while Lewis and his followers wanted to focus on economic objectives.
B. Lewis felt that the AFL was growing too fast.
C. the leaders of the AFL wanted to organize only skilled workers, while Lewis and his followers wanted to organize both unskilled and skilled workers.
D. Lewis believed that the AFL would be more flexible and responsive to its members if it split into several smaller organizations, each representing workers with one specific skill.
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C
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The AFL originally was a federation of craft unions that did not attempt to organize industrial unions. The main reason for this strategy was that:
A. industrial unions were illegal until the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947.
B. the leaders of the AFL believed that the skilled workers represented by craft unions would have better bargaining power than unskilled workers.
C. craft unions had more political clout than industrial unions.
D. most industrial unions had supported the Knights of Labor in a dispute with the AFL during the 1880s.
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B
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At this time, about 50% of all union workers are:
A. employed by governments.
B. employed by private, for-profit industries.
C. employed by health care companies.
D. In management positions.
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A
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The tragedy at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company caused:
A. labor leaders to call for a limit of workers during a single shift.
B. Americans to turn down factory jobs.
C. the number of union members to increase.
D. the number of union members to decline.
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C
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Antonio received specific training to become an electrician. He belongs to a union with other skilled electricians. Antonio belongs to a(n):
A. industrial union.
B. craft union.
C. open union.
D. company union.
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B
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Geraldo works on the assembly line for a major automobile manufacturer. He was hired for the job without any specific training or skill. Geraldo joined a union with other assembly-line workers who perform a variety of jobs that do not require a highly specialized skill. Geraldo belongs to a(n):
A. industrial union.
B. craft union.
C. assembly union.
D. traditional union.
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A
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Which of the following statements is the most accurate assessment of the historical role of the AFL in the labor movement? In its early years the AFL:
A. attracted a lot of public attention and political support because it was the first truly national labor organization in the United States.
B. operated as one union, but soon split into two interdependent groups and became known as the AFL-CIO.
C. was a federation of craft unions that championed basic labor issues.
D. had limited success because it suffered from poor leadership.
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C
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The two major influences on the growth of unions in the U.S. were:
A. population growth; the agrarian economy
B. the agrarian economy; the Taft-Hartley Act
C. the Taft-Hartley Act; support of management
D. laws that supported unionizing; public opinion
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D
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The _________ Act established the National Labor Relations Board.
A. Wagner
B. Taft-Hartley
C. Norris-LaGuardia
D. Fair Labor Standards
|
A
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__________ is the process by which a union becomes recognized by the National Labor Relations Board as the bargaining agent for a group of employees.
A. Accreditation
B. Certification
C. Arbitration
D. Affiliation
|
B
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____________ is the process by which a group of workers legally take away a union’s right to represent them.
A. Disqualification
B. Decertification
C. Impeachment
D. Disenfranchisement
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B
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_____________ is the process by which representatives of a union meet with representatives of management to negotiate a contract for workers.
A. Mediation
B. Arbitration
C. Mutual conciliation
D. Collective bargaining
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D
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The ______________ was established by the Wagner Act to oversee labor-management relations.
A. Federal Trade Commission
B. Commission on Labor Relations
C. National Labor Relations Board
D. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
|
C
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The first federal minimum wage was established by the:
A. Fair Labor Standards Act.
B. Wagner Act.
C. Minimum Compensation Act.
D. Pay Equity Act.
|
A
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The _____________ outlawed the use of yellow-dog contracts and prohibited courts from issuing injunctions against nonviolent union activities.
A. Landrum-Griffin Act
B. Fair Labor Standards Act
C. Wagner Act
D. Norris-LaGuardia Act
|
D
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At one time, as a condition of employment, the employer could make the employee sign a statement prohibiting the worker from joining a union. This was called a(n):
A. arbitrary agreement.
B. yellow-dog contract.
C. right-to-work contract.
D. employment at will agreement.
|
B
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The __________ guaranteed the rights of individual union members when dealing with their union.
A. Wagner Act
B. Landrum-Griffin Act
C. Norris-LaGuardia Act
D. Taft-Hartley Act
|
B
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Which of the following acts gave more power to management in its relations with organized labor?
A. Norris-LaGuardia Act
B. Landrum-Griffin Act
C. Wagner Act
D. Taft-Hartley Act
|
D
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The Taft-Hartley Act:
A. established the first minimum wage.
B. allowed individual states to pass right-to-work laws prohibiting compulsory union membership.
C. required management to bargain in good faith with union representatives.
D. set up the process by which unions could be recognized as the exclusive bargaining agents for a group of workers.
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B
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The ___________ guaranteed union members the right to nominate candidates for union office and participate in union meetings.
A. Taft-Hartley Act
B. Fair Labor Standards Act
C. Norris-LaGuardia Act
D. Landrum-Griffin Act
|
D
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One goal of the Landrum-Griffin Act was to:
A. firmly establish the right of unions to engage in collective bargaining.
B. set up the means by which unions could be certified as bargaining agents for workers.
C. clean up the corrupt practices of unions.
D. prevent employees engaged in providing critical services such as health care or police protection from going out on strike.
|
C
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The NLRB (National Labor Relations Board) consists of:
A. a five-member panel appointed by the U.S. president.
B. an eight- or ten-member board consisting of an equal representation of union officials and management personnel.
C. two large unions: the AFL and the CIO.
D. a congressional committee.
|
A
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The Wagner Act is best described as a(n):
A. pro-management law.
B. pro-union law.
C. anti-communism law.
D. anti-collective bargaining law.
|
B
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John belongs to a labor union. He believes a few key people run the union by meeting secretly and making decisions without informing other members or allowing them to fully participate in the meetings. If John’s suspicions are correct, the union is violating provisions of the __________ Act.
A. Landrum-Griffin
B. Fair Labor Standards
C. Taft-Hartley
D. Wagner
|
A
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The Labor-Management Relations Act (or Taft-Hartley Act) can be best described as a law which:
A. gave unions much more power and led to a rapid rise in union membership.
B. gave employees the right to serve on the board of directors of their company, thus encouraging a more equitable treatment of workers.
C. eliminated the need for unions in many industries by providing workers with widespread rights and protection against unfair labor practices by employers.
D. placed limitations on union activities and gave more power to management in dealing with unions.
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D
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The management at a shoe factory planned to terminate production due to labor issues that were consuming most of the profits. For years, the strong union at this facility did some tough negotiating with the company’s corporate headquarters. In a companywide vote, employees agreed to walk away from union membership in order to keep the factory open and save their jobs. The NLRB (National Labor Relations Board) agreed that it was in the best interest of the employees. ______________ was started to take away the rights of union representation at the factory.
A. Bargaining dismissal
B. Decertification
C. Arbitration
D. Certification
|
B
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The primary purpose of collective bargaining is to:
A. ensure worker participation in setting the goals and objectives of the company.
B. establish and communicate clear guidelines for performance appraisals.
C. limit the authority of management to set job categories and direct worker activities.
D. negotiate a labor-management agreement that both the union and management are willing to accept.
|
D
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During the 1920s and early 1930s the Dallas Sheet Metal Shop was able to prevent workers from forming a union by requiring them to sign an employment contract in which they agreed not to join a union as a condition of employment. Dallas was making use of:
A. yellow-dog contracts.
B. blacklisting agreements.
C. injunctions.
D. implied consent decrees.
|
A
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Public employees and their union representatives were prohibited by a vote in the state senate from negotiating with government officials on issues which affected their labor contracts. The new law directly affected their ______ rights.
A. collective bargaining
B. process negotiation
C. collective insurance
D. individual taxpayer
|
A
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Bob believes that management is treating him unfairly because of his efforts to organize a vote for union representation. Which organization should Bob contact to report his concerns?
A. Federal Board of Labor Rights
B. National Labor Relations Board
C. Federal Trade Commission
D. Federal Commission on Unfair Labor Practices
|
B
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Union leaders at the Baadfathe Corporation are furious. Although the union is certified by the NLRB, its negotiating team has had little success in getting management to meet with them to work on a new labor contract. In fact, during the last three months, the management team has agreed to meet only twice, once on a weekend, and the other time after 8:00 p.m. Even during those two meetings, the management team was unwilling to offer serious proposals. Baadfathe’s management team should review the legal rights of union members to participate in collective bargaining, as provided under the:
A. Taft-Harley Act.
B. Norris LaGuardia Act.
C. Wagner Act.
D. Landrum-Griffin Act.
|
C
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