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DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ______ monomers.
A) nucleotide
B) carbohydrate
C) fatty acid
D) amino acid
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A) nucleotide
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The backbone of DNA consists of ______.
A) nitrogenous bases
B) a repeating sugar-nucleotide-sugar-nucleotide pattern
C) a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern
D) paired nucleotides
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C) a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern
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Thymine and cytosine differ from adenine and guanine in that
A) thymine and cytosine are single-ring structures, whereas adenine and guanine are double-ring structures.
B) thymine and cytosine are only found in DNA, whereas adenine and guanine are found in both DNA and RNA.
C) thymine and cytosine are only found in DNA, whereas adenine and guanine are only found in RNA.
D) thymine and cytosine are larger nitrogenous bases.
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A) thymine and cytosine are single-ring structures, whereas adenine and guanine are double-ring structures.
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RNA contains the nitrogenous base ______ instead of ______, which is only found in DNA.
A) a deoxyribose sugar… a ribose sugar
B) uracil… thymine
C) uracil… guanine
D) thymine… uracil
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B) uracil… thymine
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If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases are guanine?
A) 60%
B) 40%
C) 20%
D) 30%
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D) 30%
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In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with ______.
A) cytosine… thymine
B) guanine… adenine
C) thymine… cytosine
D) uracil… cytosine
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C) thymine… cytosine
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If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand?
A) ACTTGC
B) TGAACG
C) CAGGTA
D) CAGGUA
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C) CAGGTA
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Who discovered the structure of DNA?
A) Pauling
B) Watson and Crick
C) Franklin
D) Hershey and Chase
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B) Watson and Crick
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Evidence for the spiral nature of DNA came from ______.
A) X-ray crystallography studies
B) studies of disease-causing bacteria
C) base rule studies
D) bacteriophage studies
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A) X-ray crystallography studies
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What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands?
A) ionic
B) covalent
C) hydrophilic
D) hydrogen
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D) hydrogen
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After replication, ______.
A) each new DNA double helix consists of two old strands
B) each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand
C) each new DNA double helix consists of two new strands
D) one new DNA double helix consists of two old strands and the other new DNA double helix consists of two new strands
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B) each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand
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DNA replication
A) is a slow process that results in virtually no errors.
B) requires DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase.
C) is a very fast process that results in numerous errors.
D) requires the cooperation of over a dozen enzymes and other proteins.
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D) requires the cooperation of over a dozen enzymes and other proteins.
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The modern phrasing of Beadle and Tatum’s hypothesis about relationships between genes and their products is "one gene-one ______."
A) enzyme
B) RNA
C) protein
D) polypeptide
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D) polypeptide
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What name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism?
A) holotype
B) genotype
C) phenotype
D) morphology
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C) phenotype
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How many amino acids are common to all living systems?
A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 100
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B) 20
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How many nucleotides make up a codon?
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
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B) three
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The shared genetic code of all life on Earth is evidence that ______.
A) the genetic code arose relatively late in the history of life on Earth
B) DNA replication is error-free
C) all life shares a common ancestry
D) bacterial cells arose earlier than eukaryotic cells
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C) all life shares a common ancestry
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Transcription is the ______.
A) manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA
B) manufacture of two new DNA double helices that are identical to an old DNA double helix
C) modification of a strand of RNA prior to the manufacture of a protein
D) manufacture of a protein based on information carried by RNA
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A) manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA
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If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC, transcription will result in a(n) ______.
A) single RNA strand with the sequence TTCGAG
B) DNA double helix with the sequence AAGCTC for one strand and TTCGAG for the complementary strand
C) single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG
D) RNA double helix with the sequence UUCGAG for one strand and AAGCUC for the complimentary strand
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C) single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG
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Which of the following enzymes is responsible for RNA synthesis?
A) RNase
B) RNA helicase
C) RNA ligase
D) RNA polymerase
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D) RNA polymerase
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The region of DNA where RNA synthesis begins is the ______.
A) start codon
B) promoter
C) initiator
D) processor
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B) promoter
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The correct sequence of events occurring during transcription is ______.
A) splicing, capping, tailing
B) initiation, elongation, termination
C) tailing, capping, splicing
D) elongation, initiation, termination
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B) initiation, elongation, termination
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The absence of a terminator in transcription will result in ______.
A) the creation of a virus
B) a strand of mRNA that lacks its cap and tail
C) the production of a longer RNA molecule
D) the production of a shorter RNA molecule
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C) the production of a longer RNA molecule
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What protects mRNA from attack by cellular enzymes?
A) RNA splicing
B) the removal of exons
C) the lack of RNA-digesting enzymes in the cytoplasm
D) a cap and tail
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D) a cap and tail
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The expressed (coding) regions of eukaryotic genes are called ______.
A) caps
B) promoters
C) exons
D) introns
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C) exons
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Translation converts the information stored in ______ to ______.
A) DNA… RNA
B) RNA… a polypeptide
C) DNA… a polypeptide
D) RNA… DNA
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B) RNA… a polypeptide
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The RNA that is translated into a polypeptide is ______ RNA.
A) nuclear
B) ribosomal
C) transfer
D) messenger
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D) messenger
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The DNA codon AGT codes for an amino acid carried by a tRNA with the anticodon ______.
A) TCU
B) AGU
C) TCA
D) AGT
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B) AGU
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Where is translation accomplished?
A) lysosomes
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) ribosomes
D) nucleoli
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C) ribosomes
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During translation, what is the correct order of events that occur as an amino acid is added?
A) codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation
B) translocation, codon recognition, termination
C) initiation, codon recognition, termination
D) peptide bond formation, translocation, codon recognition
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A) codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation
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