BISC 002 Sec 1 Chap 4

1) Which theory states that all living things are composed of cells?
A) cell theory
B) Hooke’s rule
C) evolutionary theory
D) Mendel’s law

A) cell theory

2) What type of microscope would be best for studying the detailed structure of the surface of a plasma membrane?
A) light microscope
B) transmission electron microscope
C) scanning electron microscope
D) both a light microscope and an electron microscope

C) scanning electron microscope

3) Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells?
A) pili
B) cell wall
C) flagella
D) DNA

A) pili

4) When using a light microscope to view a cell you obtained from scraping under your fingernails, you notice that the cell lacks a nucleus; therefore, you conclude that the cell must be a type of ______ cell.
A) plant
B) eukaryotic
C) fungal
D) prokaryotic

D) prokaryotic

5) One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ______ prokaryotic cells.
A) have DNA, which is lacking in
B) have membrane-enclosed structures called organelles, which are lacking in
C) have a plasma membrane, which is lacking in
D) have a nucleoid region, which is lacking in

B) have membrane-enclosed structures called organelles, which are lacking in

6) In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane?
A) cytoplasm
B) phospholipid bilayer
C) nucleoid
D) chloroplast

A) cytoplasm

7) You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall. Therefore, you conclude that it must be a ______ cell.
A) prokaryotic
B) animal
C) bacterial
D) plant

D) plant

8) Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?
A) regulate the traffic of chemicals into and out of the cell
B) protein synthesis
C) lipid synthesis
D) all of the above

A) regulate the traffic of chemicals into and out of the cell

9) ______ are the major lipids of plasma membranes.
A) Steroids
B) Fatty acids
C) Mosaics
D) Phospholipids

D) Phospholipids

10) When mixed with water, phospholipids spontaneously form membranes because they ______.
A) have hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water
B) have hydrophilic fatty acid tails that are attracted to water and hydrophobic phosphate groups that avoid water
C) have hydrophilic heads that are attracted to their hydrophobic tails
D) are both fluid and mosaic

A) have hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water

11) The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ______.
A) phospholipids and most proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane
B) phospholipids but not proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane
C) most proteins but not phospholipids to drift about in the plane of the membrane
D) carbohydrates to drift into and out of the membrane structure

A) phospholipids and most proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane

12) The extracellular matrix of animal cells ______.
A) protect and support cells
B) provide avenues for the exchange of DNA
C) are warehouses for the storage of extra lipids and carbohydrates
D) are primarily sites of dead matter and waste materials

A) protect and support cells

13) ______ store the information necessary to produce proteins.
A) Lysosomes
B) Genes
C) Ribosomes
D) Carbohydrates

B) Genes

14) The nuclear envelope is composed of ______.
A) chromatin
B) DNA
C) a double membrane
D) carbohydrates

C) a double membrane

15) The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ______.
A) nucleoli
B) nucleoplasm
C) chromatin
D) ribosomes

C) chromatin

16) Most human cells contain ______ chromosomes.
A) 36
B) 46
C) 2
D) 23

B) 46

17) Which of the following structures manufactures the components of ribosomes?
A) nucleus
B) cytoplasm
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) nucleolus

D) nucleolus

18) Some ribosomes are suspended in the cytosol of a cell, whereas other ribosomes _______.
A) make proteins inside the nucleus
B) are found on the plasma membrane
C) are attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) are attached to the outside of the nucleus

D) are attached to the outside of the nucleus

19) Where does protein synthesis take place?
A) in the nucleolus
B) on smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) on ribosomes
D) in the nucleus

C) on ribosomes

20) Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via ______.
A) mRNA
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) DNA
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A) mRNA

21) The endomembrane system includes ______.
A) ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
B) Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum
D) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum

D) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum

22) A hormone that will be secreted from the cell is manufactured by ribosomes _____.
A) attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
B) attached to the Golgi apparatus
C) attached to the plasma membrane
D) inside the nucleus

A) attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

23) Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, you would expect to find a large amount of smooth ER in ______ cells.
A) brain
B) liver
C) intestinal
D) muscle

B) liver

24) Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include ______.
A) steroid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification
B) lipid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification
C) lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and drug detoxification
D) lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and protein synthesis

C) lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and drug detoxification

25) What structures move proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus?
A) transport proteins
B) central vacuole
C) transport vesicles
D) nucleolus

C) transport vesicles

26) Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?
A) digestion of organic matter inside the cell
B) protein modification
C) drug detoxification
D) protein synthesis

B) protein modification

27) Which of the following parts of a cell is (are) most like the shipping center of a company?
A) the Golgi apparatus
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplasts
D) the nucleolus

A) the Golgi apparatus

28) Lysosomes are responsible for ______.
A) lipid synthesis
B) cellular respiration
C) digestion of organic matter inside the cell
D) protein synthesis

C) digestion of organic matter inside the cell

29) If a cell’s lysosomes burst, the cell would ______.
A) shrivel
B) divide into two cells
C) digest itself
D) need to manufacture more lysosomes

C) digest itself

30) Tay-Sachs disease results from ______ lacking a specific type of lipid-digesting enzyme.
A) the Golgi apparatus
B) lysosomes
C) mitochondria
D) the endoplasmic reticulum

B) lysosomes

31) Vacuoles are ______.
A) membranous sacs
B) manufactured by ribosomes
C) composed of microtubules
D) found only in plant cells

A) membranous sacs

32) A protist that contains contractile vacuoles most likely lives ______.
A) in a marine environment
B) within the cells of another organism
C) in fresh water
D) in ice

C) in fresh water

33) In plant cells, ______ may contain organic nutrients, pigments, and poisons.
A) mitochondria
B) chloroplasts
C) lysosomes
D) central vacuoles

D) central vacuoles

34) Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ______.
A) cell wall and contractile vacuole
B) cell wall and central vacuole
C) nucleus and cell wall
D) nucleus and contractile vacuole

B) cell wall and central vacuole

35) Similar to the nucleus, chloroplasts and mitochondria are ______.
A) surrounded by two membranes
B) green
C) manufactured by the nucleolus
D) able to synthesize lipids

A) surrounded by two membranes

36) Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B) mitochondrion
C) ribosome
D) chloroplast

D) chloroplast

37) Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy ______.
A) of sunlight to energy stored in organic compounds
B) stored in food molecules to energy stored in ATP
C) stored in ATP to energy stored in food molecules
D) stored in ATP to energy used to do work

B) stored in food molecules to energy stored in ATP

38) Which of the following is an adaptation to increase the surface area of a part of a cell that is involved in cellular respiration?
A) the cristae of a mitochondrion
B) the outer membrane of a chloroplast
C) the grana of a chloroplast
D) the endoplasmic reticulum

A) the cristae of a mitochondrion

39) Microtubules are associated with ______.
A) cilia
B) flagella
C) cell shape
D) all of the above

D) all of the above

40) Tobacco smokers (and those exposed to tobacco smoke) are at greater risk of an ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. Based on your understanding of the structures of the cytoskeleton, what is the best explanation?
A) Tobacco smokers tend to get pregnant when they are younger.
B) Tobacco interferes with the functioning of the flagella propelling sperm.
C) Tobacco interferes with the transfer of oxygen to the uterus, thereby forcing the zygote to implant in a fallopian tube.
D) Tobacco interferes with the sweeping motion of cilia that aids in the movement of the egg toward the uterus.

D) Tobacco interferes with the sweeping motion of cilia that aids in the movement of the egg toward the uterus.

41) Which of the techniques reveal internal cellular detail?
A) light micrograph and transmission electron micrograph
B) light micrograph and scanning electron micrograph
C) transmission electron micrograph and scanning electron micrograph
D) all three micrographs

A) light micrograph and transmission electron micrograph

42) Which of the following organelles connect(s) to the nuclear envelope?
A) the Golgi apparatus
B) lysosomes
C) mitochondria
D) the endoplasmic reticulum

D) the endoplasmic reticulum

43) In a Paramecium, a single-celled freshwater protest, the hairlike structures visible on the Paramecium allow it to move. These structures are ______.
A) microfilaments
B) intermediate filaments
C) flagella
D) cilia

D) cilia

44) Why a poster of a sick child say "No Antibiotics Please"?
A) His illness may be caused by an allergy to penicillin.
B) Antibiotics should be taken only to promote growth.
C) His illness is caused by bacteria.
D) His illness is caused by a virus

D) His illness is caused by a virus.

The earliest cells detectable in fossils were different from the cells in animals, plants, fungi, and protists living today. These first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago.
45) What evidence suggests that mitochondria might have evolved before chloroplasts?
A) Mitochondria can sometimes divide to produce chloroplasts.
B) Only mitochondria have their own DNA.
C) Some mitochondria have chloroplasts inside of them.
D) Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria but only some cells have chloroplasts.

D) Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria but only some cells have chloroplasts.

The earliest cells detectable in fossils were different from the cells in animals, plants, fungi, and protists living today. These first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago.
46) Which of the following is a characteristic of chloroplasts that suggests that they might have evolved from free-living bacteria?
A) Chloroplasts have cell walls.
B) Chloroplasts contain pigments.
C) Chloroplasts have their own DNA.
D) A single, highly folded plasma membrane surrounds chloroplasts.

C) Chloroplasts have their own DNA.

The earliest cells detectable in fossils were different from the cells in animals, plants, fungi, and protists living today. These first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago.
47) Which of the following is a characteristic of mitochondria that suggests that they might have evolved from free-living bacteria?
A) Mitochondria have cell walls.
B) The plasma membrane of a mitochondrion, forming the surface of this organelle, is the site of many important steps of cellular respiration.
C) Mitochondria have their own DNA.
D) Mitochondria rely upon proteins as their source of energy.

C) Mitochondria have their own DNA