1) What is energy? |
B) the capacity to cause change |
2) An object at rest has no ______ energy, but it may have ______ energy resulting from its location or structure. |
A) kinetic… potential |
3) The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed is known as ______. |
A) interconversion |
4) A rock on the top of a mountain contains ______ energy. |
A) potential |
5) You are riding on your bike and stop pedaling, coasting along the road. Eventually, your bike slows down and stops. What happened to the energy of your motion when your bike stopped? |
C) It was released as heat. |
6) Which of the following is a measure of randomness in a system? |
A) entropy |
7) Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing ______. |
A) chemical energy into kinetic energy |
8) Humans convert approximately ______ of the energy stored in food to useful work. |
B) 34% |
9) Ten kilocalories are equivalent to ______ calories. |
B) 10,000 |
10) You have a 2-kg bottle of liquid water at 0°C. About how many Calories are needed to heat up the water to 100°C? |
B) 200 Calories |
11) What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? |
B) ATP |
12) Energy is transferred from ATP to other molecules by transferring a(n) ______. |
D) phosphate group |
13) Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely ______. |
A) result in cell death |
14) Usually, enzymes are ______. |
D) proteins |
15) The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ______. |
D) metabolism |
16) Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by ______. |
C) decreasing activation energy |
17) Which one of the following is true? |
C) Enzymes catalyze specific reactions |
18) An enzyme’s function is dependent on its ______. |
C) shape |
19) Which component of the following reaction is the enzyme? |
B) sucrase |
20) The region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the ______ site. |
A) active |
21) Which component of the following reaction is the substrate? |
A) sucrose |
22) Which one of the following is true? |
A) An enzyme’s function depends on its three-dimensional shape. |
23) Substances that plug up an enzyme’s active site are ______. |
B) enzyme inhibitors |
24) Which one of the following is most similar to the mechanism of an enzyme inhibitor? |
A) keeping someone from parking by parking in their designated spot |
25) Diffusion is an example of ______. |
D) passive transport |
26) Diffusion ______. |
D) proceeds until equilibrium is reached |
27) Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ______ and moves a substance ______ its concentration gradient. |
B) transport proteins… down |
28) Osmosis can be defined as ______. |
A) the diffusion of water |
29) A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. Which of the following is true? |
D) The solution in the balloon is hypertonic relative to the solution in the beaker. |
30) When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a selectively permeable membrane, and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will ______. |
A) exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration |
31) A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution is ______. |
A) isotonic to its environment |
32) Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment ______. |
B) is hypotonic to the protozoan |
33) If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference? |
D) the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall |
34) In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will ______. |
D) become turgid |
35) Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings? |
A) active transport |
36) Active transport ______. |
D) all of the above |
37) When a person cries, tears are exported from cells through the process of |
C) endocytosis |
38) Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. This enzyme is a protein. Which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion? |
B) exocytosis |
39) The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is ______. |
D) phagocytosis |
40) Relaying a message from a receptor protein to a molecule that performs a specific function within a cell is called ______. |
A) signal transduction |
41) Which of the following is most like a signal transduction pathway in a cell? |
A) a person answering the door to their home after someone rings the doorbell |
A) ADP can perform cellular work when it binds to an additional phosphate group |
B) ATP can perform cellular work when it releases a phosphate group |
43) Examine the cells below. Cells with a higher concentration of ions than the surrounding medium tend to ______. |
B) expand |
44) Examine the following figure. Imagine that cell signaling using a signal transduction pathway is like a person answering the door after hearing the doorbell ring. Which structure in this figure is like the button for the doorbell? |
B) the receptor protein |
Cellular respiration converts the energy of fuel molecules to a form of energy that a cell can use to perform work. In an average day, most adult humans need to consume about 2,000 Calories to maintain their health. However, the exact amount of dietary Calories a person needs depends upon many factors, including the person’s age, physical activity, size, and health. Foods that we consume vary greatly in their nutritional content and quality. A large hard-boiled egg, for example, has about 75 dietary Calories and contains about 70% of our recommended daily intake of cholesterol. |
A) potential energy called chemical energy |
Cellular respiration converts the energy of fuel molecules to a form of energy that a cell can use to perform work. In an average day, most adult humans need to consume about 2,000 Calories to maintain their health. However, the exact amount of dietary Calories a person needs depends upon many factors, including the person’s age, physical activity, size, and health. Foods that we consume vary greatly in their nutritional content and quality. A large hard-boiled egg, for example, has about 75 dietary Calories and contains about 70% of our recommended daily intake of cholesterol. |
B) heat |
Cellular respiration converts the energy of fuel molecules to a form of energy that a cell can use to perform work. In an average day, most adult humans need to consume about 2,000 Calories to maintain their health. However, the exact amount of dietary Calories a person needs depends upon many factors, including the person’s age, physical activity, size, and health. Foods that we consume vary greatly in their nutritional content and quality. A large hard-boiled egg, for example, has about 75 dietary Calories and contains about 70% of our recommended daily intake of cholesterol. |
C) 1,000 grams of water by 75 degrees Celsius |
BISC 002 Chapter 5
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