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Hydrogen Bond |
An attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and slightly negative atom. |
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Cohesion |
The attraction among molecules of a substance is called cohesion. Cohesion due to hydrogen bonds makes water molecules "stick together". |
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Adhesion |
The attraction among molecules of different substances is called adhesion. Water molecules "stick" to many other materials because of hydrogen bonds. |
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Acid |
Is a compound that releases a proton– a hydrogen ion (H+)– when it dissolves in water. |
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Base |
Is a compound that remove hydrogen ion (H+) when it dissolves in water. |
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PH |
A solution’s acidity, or (H+) ion concentration, in matured by the pH scale. |
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Monomer |
Carbon-based molecules that are made of smaller, repeating molecules. |
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Polymer |
Carbon-based molecules are large molecules. |
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Carbohydrate |
Molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and include sugars and starches. |
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Lipid |
Nonpolar molecules that include fats oils, cholesterol, and steroids. |
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Protein |
A polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. |
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Amino Acid |
Molecules that contain C,H,O,N and sometimes S. |
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Nucleic Acid |
Polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides. |
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Chemical Reactions |
Occur when bonds are formed or broken. |
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Reactant |
Substances changed during a chemical reaction. |
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Product |
Substances made by chemical reactions. |
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Bond Energy |
The amount of energy that will break the bond between 2 atoms when bonds are broken, energy is released. |
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Equilibrium |
When reactants and products are made of the same rate in both directions and concentrations stay the same. |
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Activation Energy |
Energy needed to start a chemical reaction. |
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Exothermic |
Chemical reaction releases more energy that it absorbs. |
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Endothermic |
Chemical reaction absorbs more energy that it releases. |
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Catalyst |
A substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction and, as a result increases the rate of the chemical reaction. |
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Enzyme |
A catalyst for chemical reaction in all living things. |
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Substrate |
Enzymes that enables molecules to undergo a chemical change to form new substances. |
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Atoms |
The smallest basic unit of matter. |
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Elements |
Different type of atom which cannot be broken down any further. |
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Energy Levels |
Hold specific number of electrons. |
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Ionic Bonds |
Forms through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions. |
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Ions |
Is an atom that has lost one or more electrons. |
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Positive Ions |
When an atom loses electrons. |
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Negative Ions |
When an atom gains electrons. |
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Covalent Bonds |
Forms when atoms share one or more pair of electrons. |
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Molecules |
Is two or more atoms that are held together by covalent bonds. |
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Polar Molecule |
Has a region that is positively charged and negatively charged. |
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Solutions |
Is a mixture of substances that is the same throughout it is homogeneous mixture. |
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Solvents |
A substances that is present in the greater amount and that dissolves another substance. |
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Solutes |
Is a substance that dissolves in the solvent. |
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