|
Chromosomes that look alike and carry the same sequence of genes for the same traits are |
homologous chromosomes |
|
Meiosis is a process that produces |
gametes |
|
The process by which a bacterium uses a sex pilus to transfer genetic information to another bacterium is |
conjugation |
|
Sexual reproduction is important to the survival of a species in a changing environment because |
sexual reproduction produces genetically different individuals |
|
2n is an abbreviation for |
diploid |
|
Diploid means having |
two complete sets of chromosomes |
|
1n is an abbreviation for |
haploid |
|
In humans, germ cells are located in |
testes and ovaries |
|
A diploid germ cell will produce cells that have reduced the chromosome number by half, generating four haploid nuclei in |
meiosis |
|
After the completion of meiosis in humans, a diploid germ cell has produced cells with half the original chromosome number, generating __________ haploid nuclei. |
4 |
|
The process that merges the gametes from two parents is |
fertilization |
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A zygote is |
a diploid cell |
|
Sexual reproduction includes |
meiosis, gamete formation,and fertilization |
|
Mitotic cell division creates identical copies by replicating a cell’s DNA __________ and then dividing ____________. |
once, once |
|
Meiotic cell division replicates a cell’s DNA ____________ and then divides ______________. |
once, twice |
|
Human cells have |
23 pairs of chromosomes |
|
The human chromosomes that do not determine gender are |
autosomes |
|
The chromosomal designation for a human male is |
XY |
|
The chromosomal designation for a human female is |
XX |
|
The X chromosome is |
larger than the Y chromosome |
|
The Y chromosome |
smaller than the X chromosome |
|
In meiosis, DNA replicates during |
interphase prior to meiosis 1 |
|
In meiosis, homologous chromosomes align next to one another during |
metaphase 1 |
|
In meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate during |
anaphase 1 |
|
In meiosis I, cytokinesis usually occurs after telophase I and produces |
two haploid calls with sister chromatids still attached |
|
In meiosis, paired homologs align down the center of the cell during |
metaphase 1 |
|
In meiosis, chromosomes containing sister chromatids (not homologous chromosomes) align along the center of the cell during |
metaphase 2 |
|
In meiosis, the separated sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell during |
anaphase 2 |
|
In meiosis II, cytokinesis results in the production of |
four haploid daughter cells |
|
Sexual reproduction and meiosis generate genetic variety by |
random fertilization, independent assortment, and crossing over |
|
The process by which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material |
is crossing over |
|
Alternate forms of the same gene |
are alleles |
|
What process creates daughter cells with a mixture of paternal and maternal chromosomes? |
mutation |
|
A gamete having more than one complete set of chromosomes |
cannot be produced by meiosis |
|
When chromosomes fail to separate at either the first or second meiotic division, this |
results in a sperm or egg cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes |
|
Nondisjunction may cause |
all answers are correct |
|
What is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction? |
genetic variability when the enviroment is stable |
|
Why does sexual reproduction produce more genetic variability in a population? |
offspring are a genetic mix of both parents |
|
Homologous chromosomes contain the same ____ but may contain different ____. |
genes, alleles |
|
In order to be a female, a human |
must have two x chromosomes |
|
Why is it essential that meiosis produce haploid cells? |
to prevent the number of chromosomes from doubling each generation |
|
If a diploid cell goes through meiosis it will generate |
four haploid cells |
|
If a diploid cell goes through mitosis it will generate |
two diploid cells |
|
When a human egg ovulates, it arrests in metaphase II until it is fertilized by a sperm. How many chromosomes are present in the egg at metaphase II? |
2 with sister chromatids still attached |
|
Which of the following will occur in meiosis but not in mitosis? |
crossing over |
|
If a chromosome in one of your bone cells becomes mutated, you will not pass this mutation onto your children because |
somatic cells cannot undergo meiosis |
|
If you mate a donkey (2n = 62) with a horse (2n = 64) you get a mule. A mule is sterile and cannot produce gametes by meiosis because |
they have an odd number of chromosomes |
|
In humans, the sex of a child is determined by |
the number of X chromosomes in the egg |
|
Fraternal twins (dizygotic) result from the fertilization of |
two eggs and two sperm |
|
Genetic information is passed from one generation to the next through |
DNA, asexual, sexual reproduction, and gametes |
|
What two processes results in genetically-identical products? |
mitosis and asexual reproduction |
|
What two processes results in genetically-different products? |
meiosis and sexual reproduction |
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