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nucleotide |
The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous bas and a phosphate group. |
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complementary |
Referring to the fact that DNA bases form base pairs in a precise manner |
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adenine |
(biochemistry) purine base found in DNA and RNA |
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thymine |
a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine, a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine |
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guanine |
a purine base found in DNA and RNA |
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cytosine |
a base found in DNA and RNA and derived from pyrimidine |
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uracil |
a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine |
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deoxyribonucleic acid |
a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine, a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine, a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine, (biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix |
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X-ray diffraction |
rosin franklin used it to get a picture of DNA |
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DNA polymerase |
the principal enzyme involved in DNA replication |
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DNA helicase |
Unwinds double-helical DNA by disrupting hydrogen bons |
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RNA polymerase |
an enzyme that pries the 2 strands of DNA apart and hooks together the RNA nucleotides as they base pair along the DNA template |
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replication fork |
a Y-shaped point that results when the two strands of a DNA double helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated |
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amino acid |
organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group |
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protein |
A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids. |
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transcription |
process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA |
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translation |
(genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm |
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codon |
A group of three bases in an mRNA molecule that specifies a particular amino acid. |
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anti-codon |
A sequence of three bases of a tRNA molecule that pairs with the complementary three-nucleotide codon of an mRNA molecule during protein synthesis. |
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mRNA |
A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA, that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein; also called messenger RNA. |
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tRNA |
The type of RNA that binds to specific amino acids and transports them to the ribosome during protein synthesis |
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pyrimidine |
a nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; thymine, cytosine, or uracil |
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purine |
a nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; either adenine or guanine |
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