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Replication/growth is controlled by what? |
genes |
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When replication/growth genes are turned off, what is the result? |
cancer |
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a form of asexual cellular reproduction |
mitosis |
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When does mitosis occur? |
during healing and/or growth |
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What is the result of Mitosis? |
two genetically identical daughter cells |
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Steps of Mitotsis |
1. prophase 2. metaphase 3. anaphase 4. telophase 5. cytokinesis |
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What stage of Mitosis does the cytoplasim divide? |
Cytokensis |
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What stage of Mitosis do the microtubules pull the sister chromatids apart? |
Anaphase |
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What stage of Mitosis do the mictrotubules align the chromosones? |
Metaphase |
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What stage of Mitosis do the sister chromatids line up along the equator of the cell? |
Metaphase |
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What stag of Mitosis is the chromatin copied and condensed into chromosomes |
Prophase |
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What stage of Mitosis are condensed chromosomes return to lose, threadlike form? |
Telophase |
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What stage of Mitosis are two new daughter cells formed? |
Cytokinesis |
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What stage of Mitosis do sister chromatids (identical chromosomes) connect at the center? |
Prophase |
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What stage of Mitosis do chromosomes migrate to separate ends of the cell? |
Anaphase |
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In cytokinesis what happens to animal cells? |
cleavage furrow forms along equator; cell gets pinched in two |
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In cytokinesis what happens to plant cells? |
cell plate forms along equator; vesicles in cell plate lay down new plasma membrane and cell wall |
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What stage of Mitosis do the now single chromosomes cluster at the poles of the cell? |
Telophase |
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What is the center point of attachment in sister chromatids? |
centromere |
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What is the formation of haplid gametes? |
Meiosis |
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What are gametes? |
egg or sperm cells |
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two copies of each chromosome |
diploid |
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single set of chromosomes |
haploid |
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Are humans haploid or diploid? |
diploid |
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pairs of chromosomes that contain genes for the same traits |
homologous chromosomes |
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Steps of Meiosis |
1. Prophase I 2. Metaphase I 3. Anaphase I 4. Telophase I 5. Prophase II 6. Metaphase II 7. Anaphase II 8. Telophase II |
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What stage of Meiosis do the homologous pairs separate to opposite ends of the cell? |
Anaphase I |
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What stage of Meiosis do the homologous pairs line up at the equator of the cell? |
Metaphase I |
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What stage of Meiosis do the sister chromatids remain condensed? |
Prophase II |
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What stage of Meiosis does crossing over occur when segments of homologous chromosomes are exchanged (causing genetic variation)? |
Prophase I |
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What stage of Meiosis is cytokinesis completed, which results in two haploid cells? |
Telophase I |
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What stage of Meiosis is cytokinesis completes, reulting in four haploid gametes? |
Telophase II |
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What stage of Meiosis does independent assortment occur-random alignment results in variation amound sibilings? |
Metaphase I |
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What stage of Meiosis does sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell? |
Anaphase II |
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What stage of Meiosis does each cell starts to begin Meiosis II? |
Telophase I |
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What stage of Meiosis are replicated chromosomes linked up in homologous pairs? |
Prophase I |
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What stage of Meiosis do sister chromatids line up at equator? |
Metaphase II |
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