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Which layer of the Sun is the coolest? |
The photosphere is the coolest. |
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Which of these groups of particles has the greatest mass? |
Four individual protons have the most mass. |
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Scientists estimate the central temperature of the Sun using… |
…mathematical models of the Sun. |
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At the center of the Sun, fusion converts hydrogen into… |
…helium, energy, and neutrinos. |
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Solar energy leaves the core of the Sun in the form of… |
…photons. |
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How does the number of neutrinos passing through your body at night compare with the number passing through your body during the day? |
They are about the same. |
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Why do sunspots appear darker than their surroundings? |
They are cooler than their surroundings. |
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Which of these things poses the greatest hazard to communications satellite? |
Particles from the Sun pose the greatest hazard. |
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What causes the cycle of solar activity? |
Changes in the organization of the Sun’s magnetic field. |
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If the star Alpha Centauri were moved to a distance 10 times farther than it is now, its parallax angle would… |
…get smaller. |
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What do we need to measure in order to determine a star’s luminosity? |
Apparent brightness and distance is used. |
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What two pieces of information would you need in order to measure the masses of stars in an eclipsing binary system? |
The time between eclipses and the average distance between the stars is needed. |
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Which of these stars has the coolest surface temperature? |
A K star has the coolest surface temperature. |
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Which of these stars is the most massive? |
A main sequence A star is the most massive. |
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Which of these stars has the longest lifetime? |
A main sequence M star has the longest lifetime. |
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Which of these stars has the largest radius? |
A supergiant M star has the largest radius. |
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Which of these stars has the greatest surface temperature? |
A 30 Msun main sequence star has the greatest surface temperature. |
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Which of these star clusters is oldest? |
A cluster whose brightest main sequence stars are yellow is the oldest. |
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Stars can form most easily in clouds that are… |
…cold and dense. |
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A brown dwarf is… |
…an object not quite massive enough to be a star. |
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What happens to a low mass star after a helium flash? |
Its luminosity goes down. |
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What would you be most likely to find if you returned to the solar system in 10 billion years? |
The Sun would be a white dwarf. |
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Which of these stars does not have fusion occurring in its core? |
A red giant does not have fusion. |
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What would stars be like if hydrogen had the smallest mass per nuclear particle? |
Nuclear fusion would not occur in stars of any mass. |
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What happens to the core of a high mass star after it runs out of hydrogen? |
It shrinks and heats up. |
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Which of these isolated neutron stars must have had a binary companion? |
An isolated pulsar that pulses 600 times per second. |
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What would happen to a neutron star with an accretion disk orbiting in a direction opposite to the neutron star’s spin? |
It’s spin would slow down. |
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What would happen if the Sun suddenly became a black hole without changing its mass? |
Earth’s orbit would not change. |
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Which of these binary systems is most likely to contain a black hole? |
An X-ray binary containing an O star and another object of equal mass. |
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How would a flashing red light appear as it fell into a black hole? |
Its flashes would shift to the infrared part of the spectrum. |
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Which of these black holes exerts the weakest tidal forces on an object near its event horizon? |
A 106 Msun black hole exerts the weakest tidal force. |
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Where do gamma-ray bursts tend to come from? |
Extremely distant galaxies produce gamma-ray bursts. |
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