Art History Chapter 12

Site-specific sculptures are usually moved from one location to another in order to reach as many viewers as possible.

False

Julio González was the sculptor who first used the _______ for his metal sculptures.

welding torch

Modeling is usually an additive process. Pliable material such as bronze, ivory, or wood is built up, removed, and pushed into a final form.

True

Olafur Eliasson’s The Weather Project is an excellent example of

site-specific art

Alexander Calder was one of the first artists to explore the possibilities of _______ with his mobiles.

kinetic sculpture

Which of the following works of art were created using the subtractive process of carving?

Michelangelo’s Awakening Slave

Casting processes are only used with bronze and other metals.

False

Sculpture generally falls into which of the following two categories?

additive and subtractive

A sculpture that is not freestanding but projects from a background surface is in relief. In high-relief sculpture, the projection from the surrounding surface is slight. As a result, the carving is shallow and the shadows are minimal.

In low-relief sculpture, more than half of the natural circumference of the modeled form projects from the surrounding surface, and figures are often substantially undercut (are more deeply cut and higher above the surface/background).

False

Mobiles, such as those created by Alexander Calder, are a type of static sculpture. They are large, site-specific sculptures that do not move and change over time. Such sculptures often project permanence like monumental works of architecture.

False

A subcategory of constructed sculpture—seen in the works of Deborah Butterfield—that lets artists use familiar objects in new ways is called

assemblage

Casting processes (such as the lost-wax process of casting) are often called substitution processes because most casting involves the substitution of one material for another.

True

Installation art is defined as a type of public art that is installed in government buildings/installations.

False

The subtractive process is a method of "carving away" raw material (such as marble or wood) to create a sculpture.

True

Site-specific works that are created for the great outdoors, sometimes in far-off locations, are in turn referred to as earthworks, or land art.

Charles Ray’s Father Figure is a good example of an earthwork.

False

From a bicycle seat and handlebars, the artist _______ formed a sculpture and titled it Bull’s Head.

Pablo Picasso

The cast aluminum work Corporate Wars: Wall of Influence by artist Robert Longo is an excellent example of a _______ sculpture.

high-relief

Due to its monumental size, Viola Frey’s ceramic Stubborn Woman, Orange Hands is supported using

an armature

Sculpture is meant to be seen from all sides and is called in-the-round or

freestanding

The terms low-relief and bas-relief are interchangeable.

True