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Samuel Gompers |
He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor from1886-1924. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers. |
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American Federation of Labor |
The first federation of labor unions in the United States. Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886. |
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Haymarket Riots (1886) |
beginning as a rally in support of striking workers, this event quickly escalated when a bomb was thrown into the crowd and dozens were killed; publicized the strife of working class people and coined the term "May Day" |
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Yellow-Dog Contracts |
Agreements that people signed promising they would NOT join any kind of Labor Union. This protected big companies from loosing their employees. |
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Homestead Steel Strike (1892) |
Major dispute that occurred in 1892 at one of Carnegie’s steel factories between the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers and the Carnegie Steel Company, ultimately leading to the demise of the union of steelworkers. |
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Henry Clay Frick |
partners with Carnegie, his actions during the Homestead Strike of 1892 led to the end of the steelworkers’ union and seriously crushed hopes of further unionizing steelworkers |
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Pinkerton Detective Agency |
one of the largest private law enforcement organization in the world at one time; trained agents to be hired to infiltrate unions and to act as guards to keep strikers and suspected unionists out of factories; played a key role in the Homestead Strike of 1892 by acting as enforcement while Andrew Carnegie was abroad |
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George M Pullman |
an American inventor and industrialist, invented the Pullman sleeping car; began the Pullman Strike when he reduced worker wages, which he then dealt with in a violent manner |
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Pullman Strike of 1894 |
A nationwide conflict between labor unions and railroads that began in 1894 when employees of the Pullman Palace Car Company began a strike in response to recent reductions in wages, bringing traffic west of Chicago to a halt; "a struggle between the greatest and most important labor organization and the entire railroad capital"; President Grover Cleveland ordered federal troops to Chicago to end the strike, causing debate within his own cabinet about whether the President had the constitutional authority to do so. |
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Eugene V Debs |
An American union leader and leader of the Pullman Strike of 1894; several times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States; eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States. |
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Socialist Party of America |
This party was dedicated to the welfare of the working class. The platform called for more radical reforms such as public ownership of railroads, utilities, and even of major industries such as oil and steel. |
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Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) or Wobblies |
This radical union aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor’s interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity. |
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Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) |
this act banned the formation of trusts and monopolies |
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Munn v. Illinois (1877) |
A Supreme Court case dealing with corporate rates and agriculture. allowed states to regulate certain businesses within their borders, including railroads |
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Wabash Case (1886) |
was a United States Supreme Court case that severely limited the rights of states to control interstate commerce |
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U.S. v. E. C. Knight Co. (1895) |
Undermined the federal government’s ability to act against monopolies. |
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In re Debs (1895) |
Supreme Court approved the use of court injunctions against strikes, which gave employers a very powerful weapon to break unions. |
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Interstate Commerce Act (1887) |
banned rebates, pools, required railroads to openly publish rates and forbade discrimination against shippers, banned charging more for short haul than long one; set up Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) |
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Pollack v. Farmers’ Loan and Trust Co (1895) |
the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the unapportioned income taxes on interest, dividends and rents imposed by the Income Tax Act of 1894 were direct taxes and therefore unconstitutional |
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