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Who did Parliament decide to tax first when the British Empire found itself deep in debt in the wake of the Great War for Empire (1754-1763)? |
Britain’s poor and middling classes |
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What statement by Benjamin Franklin outraged the American-born royal governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Hutchinson, in 1770? |
Franklin suggested that the colonies were "distinct and separate states." |
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Which act of 1774 extended legal recognition to Roman Catholics in French regions of Canada, stirring old religious hatreds between Catholics and Protestants, especially in New England? |
Quebec Act |
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Which statement describes the impact of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense? |
It made a broad and deep impression throughout colonial society. |
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Which prime minister presided over British attempts to reform the colonial system in America after the Great War for Empire? |
George Grenville |
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In November 1773, a group of African American slaves in Virginia planned to use what strategy to try to win their freedom? |
Helping British troops expected to arrive in Virginia |
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Why were many American colonists skeptical of the Patriot movement? |
They suspected that Patriot leaders only sought to advance their own selfish interests. |
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Why did the British abandon Fort Pitt in October 1772? |
Budget cuts forced the move. |
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In 1763, Radical Whigs launched a campaign to reform Parliament by abolishing tiny districts that were controlled by wealthy aristocrats and merchants. What were these districts known as? |
Rotten boroughs |
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One major ideological touchstone for American patriots was the rationalist thought promoted by philosophers of |
the Enlightenment. |
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Which statement explains the fact that more than three-fourths of the voters of Long Island did not want to send a delegate to New York’s Provincial Congress in 1775? |
They wanted to preserve their families’ property and independence. |
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What was George III’s political failure in handling the rebellion among American colonists? |
He failed to exploit the divisions among the Patriots. |
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Under which policy did the British prohibit white settlement west of the frontier line along the Appalachians? |
Proclamation of 1763 |
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Take a look at the engraving of a colonial crowd protesting the Stamp Act in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 1765. Which of the following best summarizes the nature of this crowd as presented by the artist? |
Respectable and celebratory |
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Two weeks after the Stamp Act went into effect, a Boston mob attacked the house of which lieutenant governor, who was a defender of social privilege and imperial authority? |
Thomas Hutchinson |
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Why did a good number of men of the upper classes fear the Patriot movement? |
They feared that resistance to Britain was the beginning of broader anarchy. |
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Why was Pennsylvania’s claim on the region around Fort Pitt more compelling than Virginia’s? |
Pennsylvania had organized local governments in that region. |
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Why did New England merchants oppose the Sugar Act of 1764? |
They feared that tighter customs enforcement would wipe out their smuggling of French molasses. |
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Why did Lord North repeal the Townshend duties in 1770? |
He argued that taxes on British exports made no economic sense. |
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Why did the Virginia gentry support the demands of yeomen farmers to close the law courts in 1774? |
They feared that they too might end up in court for their indebtedness. |
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Evangelical Protestants stirred by the religious passions of the Great Awakening joined mobs opposing the Stamp Act because they |
resented the arrogance of British military officers and the corruption of royal bureaucrats. |
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According to the royal governor of Massachusetts Francis Bernard, what applied to British subjects in Britain but not to American colonists? |
The right to direct representation in Parliament |
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To help pay the enlarged British national debt in the 1760s, Parliament passed an increase in sales taxes also known as what? |
Excise levies |
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Why did the mainland colonies achieve a trade surplus with Britain in 1769? |
The colonies’ nonimportation agreement was taking its toll. |
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Which British political leader was the only one who openly supported a proposal made by Benjamin Franklin for American representation in Parliament? |
William Pitt |
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How did Prime Minister George Grenville first try to address the revenue problem with the American colonies? |
He proposed the Currency Act. |
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The Tea Act of 1773 benefited which group? |
The East India Company |
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Why did the political allies of New England merchants object to the Sugar Acts? |
They objected to the Sugar Act on constitutional grounds. |
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What was the name of the law passed by Parliament that required the colonies to pay a tax on legal papers, newspapers, playing cards, and other printed items? |
The Stamp Act |
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How did British politicians respond to Benjamin Franklin’s argument that Americans deserved representation in Parliament before they could be taxed? |
The colonists had virtual representation in Parliament. |
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The major transformation of the British Empire following the Seven Years’ War can best be characterized as a(n) |
centralization of the empire in the hands of imperial officials. |
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In 1775, what did William Pitt propose that American colonists should do in exchange for Parliament renouncing its power to tax the colonies and its recognition of the Continental Congress as a lawful body? |
Acknowledge parliamentary supremacy and provide revenue |
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The British ministry shrewdly drafted the Sugar Act of 1764 with the intention of |
allowing colonial trade with the French West Indies and imposing a lower but more strictly enforced duty on French molasses. |
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Why did southern slave owners join the cause of the largely urban-led Patriot movement? |
Many were deeply in debt to British merchants and, as masters of their domains, resented this financial dependence. |
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Why did the British secretary of state for American affairs Lord Hillsborough favor a permanent Proclamation Line to the west of the colonies? |
He feared the end of the British laboring class |
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As part of his plan to address the issue of representation, Joseph Galloway, a delegate to the First Continental Congress proposed "That the several [colonial] assemblies shall [form an American union and] choose members for the grand council. . . . That the Grand Council . . . shall hold and exercise all the like rights, liberties and privileges, as are held and exercised by and in the House of Commons of Great-Britain. . . . That the said President-General and the Grand Council, be an inferior and distinct branch of the British legislature, united and incorporated with it, . . . and that the assent of both [Parliament and the Grand Council] shall be requisite to the validity of all such general acts or statutes [that affect the colonies]." Which of the following most accurately summarizes Galloway’s plan? |
The colonies would remain British but operate under a continental government with the power to veto parliamentary laws that affected America. |
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How did chancellor of the exchequer Charles Townshend seek to undermine American political institutions in his Revenue Act of 1767? |
He sought to block American influence by using parliamentary taxes to finance imperial administration in the colonies. |
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Why did the tenant farmers of the Hudson River Valley in New York support the king? |
Their landlords were Patriots. |
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What was the primary purpose of the Townshend Act of 1767? |
To free royal officials from financial dependence on the American legislatures |
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The Quebec Act allowed practice of which religion in Quebec? |
Roman Catholicism |
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Why was Patrick Henry’s attack against the Stamp Act so radical? |
He directly attacked George III for supporting the legislation. |
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What constitutional principle was Parliament asserting with passage of the Stamp Act? |
Parliament could bypass colonial assemblies and impose an internal tax on the colonies. |
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