APUSH Chapter 40

Edward Kennedy

He is a Senator from Massachusetts. Challenged and lost to Jimmy Carter in the Democratic primary of 1980.

Ronald Reagan

40th President of the US. He ran on a campaign based on the common man and "populist" ideas. He served as governor of California from 1966-1974, and he participated in the McCarthy Communist scare. Iran released hostages on his Inauguration Day in 1980. While president, he developed his own form of economics, the trickle down effect of government incentives. He cut out many welfare and public works programs. He used the Strategic Defense Initiative to avoid conflict. His meetings with Gorbachev were the first steps to ending the Cold War. He was also responsible for the Iran-contra Affair which bought hostages with guns.

Walter Mondale

He was the vice president of Carter and when he won the democratic nomination he was defeated by a landslide by Reagan. He was the first presidential candidate to have a woman vice president, Geraldine Ferraro.

Mikhail Gorbachev

Soviet statesman whose foreign policy brought an end to the Cold War and whose domestic policy introduced major reforms (born in 1931)

Geraldine Ferraro

In 1984 she was the first woman to appear on a major-party presidential ticket. She was a congresswoman running for Vice President with Walter Mondale.

Corazon Aquino

Elected in 1986, she was the first female president of the Philippines.

Sandra Day O’Connor

First woman supreme court justice. Appointed by Reagan.

Jesse Jackson

United States civil rights leader who led a national anti-discrimination campaign and ran for presidential nomination (born in 1941)

Michael Dukakis

He was governor of Massachusetts & George Bush’s democratic opponent in the election of 1988

Boris Yeltsin

Russian leader who completely broke with communism and stopped a communist takeover

Saddam Hussein

– Was a dictator in Iraq who tried to take over Iran and Kuwait violently in order to gain the land and the resources. He also refused to let the UN into Iraq in order to check if the country was secretly holding weapons of mass destruction.

Norman Schwartzkopf

Head of US forces in Iraq in first Gulf War. Leader of Operation Desert Storm.

Clarence Thomas

This man was an African American jurist, and a strict critic of affirmative action. He was nominated by George H. W. Bush to be on the Supreme Court in 1991, and shortly after was accused of sexual harassment by Anita Hill. Hearings were reopened, and he became the second African American to hold a seat in the Supreme Court.

Anita Hill

Former associate of Clarence Thomas, who accused him of sexual harassment in Senate Judiciary Committee hearings.

Perestroika

An economic policy adopted in the former Soviet Union. Intended to increase automation and labor efficiency but it led eventually to the end of central planning in the Russian economy.

Glasnost

a policy of the Soviet government allowing freer discussion of social problems

new religious right

denounced abortion, pornography, homosexuality, feminism, and especially affermative action., a response to the liberalism of the 1960’s

rainbow coalition

Jesse Jackson’s idea of forging an alliance between groups of minorities and the disadvantaged

ethnic cleansing

the mass expulsion and killing of one ethic or religious group in an area by another ethnic or religious group in that area

Chappaquiddick

1969 automobile accident that happened on an island in which a young woman assistant was drowned when Kennedy’s car plunged off a bridge

Reaganomics

economic beliefs that a captitalist system free from taxation and government involvement would be most productive

Contras

counterrevolutionary group in Nicaragua that opposed the Sandinistas; Guerrillas who fought against the Sandinistas in Nicaragua

Sandinistas

Members of a leftist coalition that overthrew the Nicaraguan dictatorship of Anastasia Somoza in 1979 and attempted to install a socialist economy. The United States financed armed opposition by the Contras. They lost national elections in 1990.

Iran-Contra Affair

Americans kidnapped in Beirut by Iranian govt, so deal, scandal including arms sales to the Middle East in order to send money to help the Contras in Nicaragua even though Congress had objected

Roe v. Wade

(1973) legalized abortion on the basis of a woman’s right to privacy

George Herbert Walker Bush

Vice President under Reagan and 41st President of the United States (born in 1924), He defeated Saddam Hussein & the Iraq Army when they invaded Kuwait., President when the Berlin Wall came down

Desert Storm

The code name used by the United States and its coalition partners in waging war against Iraq in early 1991 to liberate Kuwait

Tiananmen Square

Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life

Gary Hart

The fore-runner for the Democratic nomination in the election of 1988. He was forced to drop out of the race in May 1987 after charges of sexual misconduct

Moral Majority

political organization of the United States which had an agenda of evangelical Christian-oriented political lobbying. Formed by Jerry Falwell. Organization made up of conservative Christian political action committees which campaigned on issues its personnel believed were important to maintaining its Christian conception of moral law. This group pressured for legislation that would ban abortion and ban the states’ acceptance of homosexuality