APUSH Chapter 34

Franklin D Roosevelt

often referred to by his initials FDR, was the thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945, and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms of office. He was a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war.

Eleanor Roosevelt

FDR’s Wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. She also worked for birth control and better conditions for working women

Huey P (Kingfish) Long

la politicain and senator criticized new deal and set up share our wealth society

New Deal

the historic period (1933-1940) in the U.S. during which President Franklin Roosevelt’s economic policies were implemented

Brain Trust

Group of expert policy advisers who worked with FDR in the 1930s to end the great depression

Hundred Days

the special session of Congress that Roosevelt called to launch his New Deal programs. The special session lasted about three months: 100 days.

Three R’s

Reform, Relief, Recovery

Twentieth Amendment

guarantees that no state can deny the right to vote on the basis of sex

Twenty first Amendment

repealed the 18th amendment because it turned milllions of americans who wernt normally lawbreakers into law breakers

Glass Steagall Act

established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and included banking reforms, some of which were designed to control speculation

Civilian Conservation Corps

Relief: (CCC) March 31, 1933; reduced poverty/unemployment, helped young men and families; young men go to rural camps for 6 months to do construction work; $1/day; intended to help youth escape cities; concerned with soil erosion, state/national parks, telephone/power lines; 40 hr weeks

Works Progress Administration

May 6, 1935- Began under Hoover and continued under Roosevelt but was headed by Harry L. Hopkins. Provided jobs and income to the unemplyed but couldn’t work more than 30 hours a week. It built many public buildings and roads, and as well operated a large arts project.

National Recovery Act

Plan devised by the emergency congress designed to combine immediate relief and long-range recovery. It was designed to help the unemployed, labor, and industry. (pg 781)

Schechter Case

Stated that congress could not delegate legislative powers to the executive. Also known as the sick chicken decision because of the involvement of a fowl business in new york. (pg 782)

Public Works Administration

1933; set aside $3 billion to create jobs building roads, sewers, public housing units, and other civic necessities.

Agricultural Adjustment Act

Recovery: (AAA); May 12, 1933; restricted crop production to reduce crop surplus; goal was to reduce surplus to raise value of crops; farmers paid subsidies by federal government; declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in US vs Butler on January 6, 1936

Dust Bowl

western Kansas and Oklahoma, northern Texas, and eastern Colorado and New Mexico; long periods of drought and destructive farming methods ruined farming in the region

The Grapes of Wrath

The story follows the fortunes of a poor family as they travel from the Dust Bowl region to California. based on the great depression written by John Steinbeck

Commission of Indian Affairs

The BIA’s responsibilities once included providing health care services to American Indians and Alaska Natives. In 1954, that function was legislatively transferred to the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, now known as the Department of Health and Human Services, where it has remained to this day as the Indian Health Service (IHS).

Securities and Exchange Commission

An independent agency of the government that regulates financial markets and investment companies

Tennessee Valley Authority

A relief, recovery, and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil.

Federal Housing Authority

Established by FDR during the depression in order to provide low-cost housing coupled with sanitary condition for the poor

Social Security Act

guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health

Wagner Act

created NLRB to administer Wagner Act; provide employees the right to select a union with exclusive power as the collective bargaining agent, outlaws certain management unfair labor practices.

National Labor Relations Board

an independent agency of the United States government charged with mediating disputes between management and labor unions

Congress of Industrial Organizations

a federation of North American industrial unions that merged with the American Federation of Labor in 1955

Liberty league

conservative group who complained New Deal interfered with buisnesses and peoples lives

Court Packing Scheme

Six additional justices would have been appointed. This was proposed in response to the Supreme Court overturning several of his New Deal measures that proponents claim were designed to help the United States recover from the Great Depression.

Keynesian economics

Theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes, stating that government spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms.