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Franklin Roosevelt’s ____ contributed the most to his development of compassion and strength of will.
a. education
b. domestic conflicts with Eleanor Roosevelt
c. family ties with Teddy Roosevelt
d. affliction with infantile paralysis
e. service in World War I
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Affliction with infantile paralysis
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Eleanor Roosevelt had honed her own skills and developed a personal network of reform activists through
a. running for local offices in New York state.
b. her experience in settlement houses and women’s reform organizations.
c. her long resistance to Franklin Roosevelt’s personal infidelities.
d. her personal association with women’s colleges and sororities.
e. sitting in on Franklin Roosevelt’s cabinet meetings when he was governor of New York.
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her experience in settlement houses and women’s reform organizations
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The Democratic party platform on which Franklin Roosevelt campaigned for the presidency in 1932 called for
a. extensive social reforms and a balanced budget.
b. deficit spending and a higher military budget.
c. higher tariffs and support for American manufacturers.
d. nationalization of key industries.
e. breaking up monopolistic corporations and supporting small business.
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extensive social reforms and a balanced budget
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In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise that as president he would attack the Great Depression by
a. nationalizing all banks and major industries.
b. mobilizing America’s youth as in wartime.
c. returning to the traditional policies of laissez-faire capitalism.
d. continuing the policies already undertaken by President Hoover.
e. experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform.
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experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform
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The phrase Hundred Days refers to the
a. worst months of the Great Depression.
b. time it took for Congress to begin acting on President Roosevelt’s plans for combating the Great Depression.
c. flood of legislation passed by Congress in the first months of Franklin Roosevelt’s presidency.
d. "lame-duck" period between Franklin Roosevelt’s election and his inauguration.
e. time that all banks were closed by FDR.
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flood of legislation passed by Congress in the first months of FDR’s presidency
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One striking new feature of the 1932 presidential election results was that
a. the South had shifted to the Republican party.
b. Democrats made gains in the normally Republican Midwest.
c. urban Americans finally cast more votes than rural Americans.
d. a clear gender gap opened up in which more women favored the Democrats.
e. African Americans shifted from their Republican allegiance and became a vital element in the Democratic party.
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African Americans shifted from their Republican allegiance and became a vital element in the Democratic party
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The group that had experienced the worst suffering as a result of the Great Depression was
a. women.
b. factory workers.
c. African Americans.
d. skilled men.
e. immigrants.
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African Americans
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While Franklin Roosevelt waited to assume the presidency in early 1933, Herbert Hoover tried to get the president-elect to commit to
a. maintaining a balanced federal budget.
b. renewal of the extremely high Hawley-Smoot Tariff.
c. an anti-inflationary policy that would have made much of the New Deal impossible.
d. appointing some Republicans to his cabinet.
e. a policy of not offering direct welfare to the unemployed.
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an anti-inflationary policy that would have made much of the New Deal impossible
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When Franklin Roosevelt assumed the presidency in March 1933
a. Congress refused to grant him any legislative authority.
b. he knew exactly what he wanted to do.
c. he received unprecedented congressional support.
d. he wanted to make as few mistakes as possible.
e. he at first proceeded cautiously.
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he received unprecedented congressional support
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The Works Progress Administration was a major ____ program of the New Deal; the Public Works Administration was a long-range ____ program; and the Social Security Act was a major ____ program.
a. relief; recovery; reform
b. reform; recovery; relief
c. recovery; relief; reform
d. relief; reform; recovery
e. reform; relief; recovery
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relief; recovery; reform
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The Glass-Steagall Act
a. took the United States off the gold standard.
b. empowered President Roosevelt to close all banks temporarily.
c. created the Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate the stock exchange.
d. permitted commercial banks to engage in Wall Street financial dealings.
e. created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure individual bank deposits.
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created the federal deposit insurance corporation to insure individual bank deposits
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The most immediate emergency facing Franklin Roosevelt when he became president in March 1933 was
a. the collapse of nearly the entire banking system.
b. runaway inflation.
c. the growing power of demagogues such as Huey Long and Father Coughlin.
d. the near collapse of international trade.
e. riots by unemployed workers and farmers unable to sell their goods.
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the collapse of nearly the entire banking system
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Immediately after taking office, President Roosevelt responded to the banking crisis by
a. restoring the gold standard to guarantee the soundness of American currency.
b. reassuring Americans that all their banking deposits were safe.
c. providing major federal loans to the largest and soundest banks.
d. establishing a new Bank of the United States to guarantee deposits.
e. closing all American banks for a week, while reorganizing them on a sounder basis.
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closing all American banks for a week, while reorganizing them on a sounder basis
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Franklin Roosevelt took America off the gold standard and adopted a managed currency policy designed to
a. stimulate inflation.
b. reduce the price of gold.
c. restore confidence in banks.
d. reduce the amount of money in circulation.
e. shake up the Federal Reserve Board.
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stimulate inflation
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The early New Deal experiments borrowed rather freely and randomly from
a. the American labor movement and European socialism.
b. early twentieth-century economists and social theorists Thorstein Veblen and John Dewey.
c. Mussolini’s fascism and Hitler’s Nazism.
d. U.S. wartime and pre-war agencies and European social reform models.
e. the late nineteenth-century utopian literature of Henry George, Edward Bellamy, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman.
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U.S. wartime and pre-war agencies and European social reform models.
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The single most popular New Deal program was probably the
a. Works Progress Administration.
b. Agricultural Adjustment Act.
c. National Recovery Administration.
d. Civilian Conservation Corps.
e. Tennessee Valley Authority.
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Civilian Conservation Corps
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All of the following are true statements about the men who joined the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) except
a. there were about three million men in the program.
b. the men were mostly young, hired to work in fresh-air camps.
c. many of the men had had criminal records.
d. they worked on reforestation, flood control and swamp drainage projects.
e. CCC workers helped families by sending most of their paychecks home.
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Many of the men had had criminal records
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The most complex and ambitious New Deal effort to achieve recovery and reform the entire American economy was the
a. Public Works Administration.
b. National Recovery Administration.
c. Tennessee Valley Authority.
d. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act).
e. Social Security Administration.
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National Recovery Administrtion
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Probably the most radical New Deal program that provoked widespread charges of creeping socialism was the
a. Indian Reorganization Act.
b. Social Security Act.
c. Agricultural Adjustment Act.
d. Federal Housing Administration.
e. Tennessee Valley Authority.
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Tennessee Valley Authority
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President Roosevelt’s chief "administrator of relief" and one of his closest advisors was
a. George Norris.
b. John L. Lewis.
c. Mary McLeod Bethune.
d. Harry Hopkins.
e. None of these
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Harry Hopkins
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Match each New Deal critic below with the cause or slogan that he promoted.
A. Father Coughlin 1. "social justice"
B. Huey Long 2. "every man a king"
C. Francis Townsend 3. "a holy crusade for liberty"
D. Herbert Hoover 4. "$200 a month for everyone
over 60"
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A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
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Senator Huey P. Long of Louisiana gained a large national following by promising to
a. nationalize all banks and public utility companies.
b. make Jews pay for causing the Great Depression.
c. help farmers and workers organize to resist the power of corporations.
d. provide the unemployed and elderly a $200-a-month social security payment.
e. "share our wealth" by raising taxes on the rich and giving every family $5,000
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"share our wealth" by raising taxes on the rich and giving every family $5,000
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Prominent female social scientists of the 1930s, like Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead, brought widespread contributions to the field of
a. economics.
b. political science.
c. psychology.
d. sociology.
e. anthropology.
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anthropology
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Match each New Dealer below with the federal agency or program with which he or she was closely identified.
A. Robert Wagner 1. Department of Labor
B. Harry Hopkins 2. Public Works Administration.
C. Harold Ickes 3. Works Progress Administration
D. Frances Perkins 4. National Labor Relations Act
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A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
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The National Recovery Administration (NRA) failed largely because
a. businesses resisted regulation by the agency.
b. it required too much self-sacrifice on the part of industry, labor, and the public.
c. Harold Ickes, the head of the agency, proved to be an incompetent administrator.
d. it did not provide enough protection for labor to bargain with management.
e. the agency did not have enough power to control business.
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It required too much self-sacrifice on the part of industry, labor, and the public
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Roosevelt supported the repeal of prohibition because
a. he thought it was unconstitutional.
b. he believed the problem of drunkenness could be solved by restricting alcohol content to 3.2 percent by weight.
c. he thought that it afforded the opportunity to raise needed federal revenue and provide jobs.
d. he needed support from the repeal movement to gain reelection.
e. drys – those who opposed alcohol – were an increasingly small segment of the population.
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He thought that it afforded the opportunity to raise needed federal revenue and provided jobs
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The first Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) raised the money that it paid to farmers not to grow crops by
a. raising the tariff.
b. imposing a tax on the sale of farms.
c. selling government surplus grain.
d. increasing taxes on the wealthy.
e. taxing processors of farm products.
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taxing processors of farm products
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The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) proposed to solve the farm problem by
a. reducing agricultural production.
b. subsidizing American farm exports overseas.
c. encouraging farmers to switch to industrial employment.
d. helping farmers to pay their mortgages.
e. creating farm cooperatives.
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reducing agricultural production
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Both ratified in the 1930s, the Twentieth Amendment ____ and the Twenty-first Amendment ____.
a. shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration; ended prohibition
b. limited a president to two complete terms in office; repealed the Eighteenth Amendment
c. rendered most New Deal programs unconstitutional; limited a president to two complete terms in office
d. ended prohibition; shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration
e. expanded the size of the Supreme Court; ended prohibition
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shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration; ended prohibition
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All of the following contributed to the Dust Bowl of the 1930s except
a. dry-farming techniques.
b. drought.
c. farmers’ failure to use steam tractors and other modern equipment.
d. the cultivation of marginal farmlands on the Great Plains.
e. soil erosion.
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farmers’ failure to use steam tractors and other modern equipment
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In 1935, President Roosevelt set up the Resettlement Administration to
a. help farmers migrate from Oklahoma to California.
b. place unemployed industrial workers in areas where their labor was needed.
c. move Indians from land that could be farmed by victims of the Dust Bowl.
d. find jobs for farmers in industry.
e. help farmers who were victims of the Dust Bowl move to better land.
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help farmers who were victims of the dust bowl move to better land
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The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 attempted to
a. reverse the forced assimilation of Native Americans into white society by establishing tribal self-government.
b. encourage Native Americans to give up their land claims.
c. reinforce the Dawes Act of 1887.
d. pressure Native Americans to renounce self-government.
e. define clearly which tribes were federally recognized.
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encourage Native Americans to give up their land claims
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Most Dust Bowl migrants headed to
a. Oklahoma.
b. Arizona.
c. Nevada.
d. Oregon.
e. California.
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California
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The fate of most of the Okies and other Dust Bowl migrants who headed west to California was that they
a. acquired farms in the San Joaquin Valley.
b. found steady work in the canning industry.
c. still struggled for food, shelter, and work in the San Joaquin Valley.
d. became caught up in radical labor movements.
e. formed mutually supportive evangelical religious communes.
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Still struggled for food, shelter, and work in the San Joaquin Valley
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The Federal Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Commission aimed to
a. halt the sale of stocks on margin (i.e. with borrowed funds).
b. force stockbrokers to register with the federal government.
c. prevent interlocking directorates and business pyramiding schemes.
d. provide full disclosure of information and prevent insider trading and other fraudulent practices.
e. enable the Chicago Board of Trade to compete with the New York Stock Exchange.
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Provide full disclosure of information and prevent insider trading and other fraudulent practices
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Native Americans responded to the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
a. with some thrilled by its efforts to stop the loss of Indian lands.
b. with many Indians rejecting its provisions to organize tribes and tribal governments.
c. by denouncing it as a "back to the blanket" measure.
d. All of these
e. None of these
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All of These
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The federally-owned Tennessee Valley Authority was seen as a particular threat to
a. the entire capitalist system.
b. the Republican party.
c. the automobile industry.
d. the private electrical utility industry.
e. white southern racial practices.
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the private electrical utility industry
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The most controversial aspect of the Tennessee Valley Authority was its effort to
a. provide cheap electrical power in competition with private industry.
b. control floods in the Tennessee and Cumblerland valleys.
c. prevent soil erosion throughout the region.
d. build housing for poor and middle-class citizens in the region.
e. resettle poor farmers on more productive land.
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Provide cheap electrical power in competition with private industry
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The Social Security Act of 1935 provided all of the following except
a. unemployment insurance.
b. old-age pensions.
c. economic provisions for the blind and disabled.
d. support for the blind and physically handicapped.
e. health care for the poor.
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health care for the poor
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The American Social Security System, established by the New Deal, differed from most European social welfare systems primarily because it
a. was opposed by large sectors of the public.
b. did not permit the Social Security number to be used for identification and security purposes.
c. did not address the issue of single mothers in the home with dependent children.
d. linked unemployment and disability insurance to old age pensions.
e. did not initially cover all categories of workers.
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did not initially cover all categories of workers
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The Wagner Act of 1935 proved to be a trailblazing law that
a. gave labor the right to bargain collectively.
b. established the NRA.
c. established the Social Security system.
d. authorized the Public Works Administration (PWA).
e. guaranteed housing loans to workers.
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gave labor the right to bargain collectively
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The National Labor Relations Act proved most beneficial to
a. employers.
b. skilled workers.
c. the unemployed.
d. trade associations.
e. unskilled workers.
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unskilled workers
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The primary interest of the Congress of Industrial Organizations was
a. the effective enforcement of yellow dog contracts.
b. the organization of trade unions.
c. the maintenance of open shop industries.
d. the organization of all workers within an industry.
e. maintaining existing wage levels.
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the organization of all workers within an industry
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President Roosevelt’s Court-packing scheme in 1937 reflected his desire to make the Supreme Court
a. more conservative.
b. more independent of Congress.
c. more sympathetic to New Deal programs.
d. less burdened with appellate cases.
e. more respectful of the Constitution’s original intent.
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more sympathetic to New Deal programs
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After Franklin Roosevelt’s failed attempt to pack the Supreme Court
a. Roosevelt was unable to make any changes in the Court.
b. the Democrats lost the next election in 1940.
c. Congress permanently set the number of justices at nine.
d. much New Deal legislation was ruled unconstitutional.
e. the Court began to rule that New Deal programs were constitutional.
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The court began to rule that New Deal programs were constitutional
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As a result of the 1937 Roosevelt recession
a. Roosevelt backed away from further economic experiments.
b. Social Security taxes were reduced.
c. Republicans gained control of the Senate in 1938.
d. Roosevelt adopted Keynesian (planned deficit spending) economics.
e. much of the early New Deal was repealed.
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Roosevelt adopted Keynesian (planned deficit spending) economics
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During the 1930s
a. the Great Depression forced President Roosevelt to trim the size of the federal bureaucracy.
b. the states regained influence over the economy.
c. business people eventually came to admire President Roosevelt’s New Deal programs.
d. the New Deal substantially closed the gap between production and consumption in the American economy.
e. the national debt doubled.
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The national debt doubled
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By 1938, the New Deal
a. had lost most of its momentum.
b. turned more toward direct relief than social reform.
c. had plainly failed to achieve its objectives.
d. had won over the majority of business people to its policies.
e. was prepared to embark on ambitious new initiatives.
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had lost most of its momentum
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Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal was most notable for
a. ending the Great Depression.
b. providing moderate social reform without radical revolution or reactionary fascism.
c. undermining state and local governments.
d. aiding big cities at the expense of farmers.
e. attacking the American capitalist system.
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providing moderate social reform without radical revolution or reactionary fascism
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Recently, some historians have argued that the New Deal had a more radical effect on men than women for all of the following reasons except
a. Social Security was designed to assist male breadwinners, who were expected to share benefits with their families.
b. married women were rarely favored for jobs in New Deal agencies.
c. programs maintained or reaffirmed women’s traditional roles as wives or mothers.
d. programs tended to provide more opportunities to men than women.
e. women were recruited to run day care centers and light service sector positions.
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Women were recruited to run day care centers and light service sector positions
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Of the following, the one least related to the other four is
a. hydroelectric power.
b. Muscle Shoals.
c. the Securities and Exchange Commission.
d. George W. Norris.
e. the Tennessee Valley Authority.
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the Securities and Exchange Commision
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The most vigorous "champion of the dispossessed"-that is, the poor and minorities-in Roosevelt administration circles was
a. Eleanor Roosevelt.
b. Frances Perkins.
c. Henry A. Wallace.
d. Harold Ickes.
e. Alfred E. Smith.
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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