APUSH Chapter 30 IDs

"Moral Majority"

political organization of the United States which had an agenda of evangelical Christian-oriented political lobbying. Formed by Jerry Falwell. Organization made up of conservative Christian political action committees which campaigned on issues its personnel believed were important to maintaining its Christian conception of moral law. This group pressured for legislation that would ban abortion and ban the states’ acceptance of homosexuality.

Rev. Jerry Falwell

Jerry Falwell, a reverand from Virginia, began an organization known as the Moral Majority in 1979. It was meant to express the political power of Evangelical Christians, for Falwell saw the opportunity with the growth of evangelicals in denominations like the Southern Babtist Convention. The evangelicals condemned behaviours, like drug usage, homosexuality, and abortion. This group revived Christianity in the Republican party and in politics.

Rev. Pat Robertson

founder of numerous organizations and corporations, including the American Center for Law and Justice (ACLJ), the Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN), the Christian Coalition, Flying Hospital, International Family Entertainment Inc., Operation Blessing International Relief and Development Corporation, and Regent University.[1][2] He is the host of The 700 Club, a Christian TV program airing on channels throughout the United States and on CBN affiliates worldwide.

Christian Coalition

in the 1990’s, Pentecostal minister Pat Robertson began a political movement and launched this organization. These and other organizations of the Christian right opposed federal interference in local affairs; denounced abortion, divorce, feminism, and homosexuality; defended unrestricted free enterprise, and supported a strong American posture in the world.

Proposition 13 (CA)

(officially named the People’s Initiative to Limit Property Taxation) was an amendment of the Constitution of California enacted during 1978, by means of the initiative process. It was approved by California voters on June 6, 1978. It was declared constitutional by the United States Supreme Court in the case of Nordlinger v. Hahn, 505 U.S. 1 (1992). Proposition 13 is embodied in Article 13A of the Constitution of the State of California.

Reagan Coalition

Put together in 1980 and appealed to the Christian right. Consisted of economic conservatives plus social conservatives. the coalition is not a majority, the candidate must appeal also to independents. Illustrates a voting strategy based on ideology.

Neo-Cons

After 9/11 neo-con emerged. Term that describes the emergence of a post Cold-War conservative movement. Main goal is to counter global terrorism. (May be from either party but usually republican)

conservatism

This was the political idea in which the people regarded tradition as the basic source of human institutions and came from the more privileged groups in society and supported existing class distinctions, autocratic government and special economic privileges for the upper class. They defended institutions with traditional practices and values such as established church, monarchy and powerful military.

Phyllis Schlafly

A conservative political activist that opposed radification of the ERA, and said that it would become a detriment to women rather than an asset, which was supported widely by many women who did not feel that change was necessary; they were happy in their roles in the home and felt that the offenses of the activists were a threat to their lifestyles.

"The Great Communicator"

Another nickname for President Reagan, meaning that he was a terrific public speaker and communicated extremely well with people on the other side of the television set. They developed such a liking to him that it transcended in his policy.

"The Teflon President"

…, Nickname given to Reagan after the Intra-Contra Scandal because the one thing he did bad didn’t stick to him it just "slipped" right off.

John W. Hinckley, Jr.

…, Seriously injure ronald Reagan 1981; try to impress joie foster;"as far as he was concerned politicans should be elimainated

Reaganomics

…, The federal economic polices of the Reagan administration, elected in 1981. These policies combined a monetarist fiscal policy, supply-side tax cuts, and domestic budget cutting. Their goal was to reduce the size of the federal government and stimulate economic growth.

Supply-Side Economics

…, Reaganomics policy based on the theory that allowing companies the opportunity to make profits, and encouraging investment, will stimulate the economy and lead to higher standards of living for everyone. Argued that tax cuts can be used stimulate economic growth. Move money into the hands of the people and they will invest, thus creating prosperity.

PATCO Strike (1981)

…, The PATCO Strike of 1981 drastically changed the way union workers operate. Before 1981, workers did not have much control and were timid in asking for better benefits and working conditions. Workers have grown because of this strike, and now have a large amount of power over their employers. However, the power of the PATCO union was severely weakened. Since this strike, many unions have disappeared and only a small amount still have a strong impact on society today.

deregulation

…, The lifting of restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities for which government rules had been established and that bureaucracies had been created to administer.

AARP

…, a U.S. organization of people aged 50 and older that advocates for the elderly. It was originally called the American Association of Retired persons, but now only the initials are used, since members need not be retired

Grenada Invasion

…, Ronald Reagan dispatched a heavy- fire- power invasion force to the island of Grenada, where a military coup had killed the prime minister and brought Marxists to power —-Americans captured the island quickly demonstrating Reagan’s determination to assert the dominance of the US in the Carribbean

Reagan Doctrine

…, The Reagan administration’s abandonment of detente and return to an assertive form of containment. This was characterized by direct US intervention and indirect support of anticommunist insurgencies.

Contras

…, , To help the El Salvadoran governmetn fight those rebels, the US supported Nicaraguan anti- Communist forces called the Contras or contrarevolucionarios. is a label given to the various rebel groups opposing Nicaragua’s FSLN (Sandinista National Liberation Front) Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction government following the July 1979 overthrow of Anastasio Somoza Debayle’s dictatorship.

Sandinistas

…, Members of a leftist coalition that overthrew the Nicaraguan dictatorship of Anastasia Somoza in 1979 and attempted to install a socialist economy. The United States financed armed opposition by the Contras. The Sandinistas lost national elections in 1990

Strategic Defense Initiative [SDI or "Star Wars’]

…, A plan introduced by Reagan as a Cold War tactic. This plan involved sci-fi caliber technology such as laser beams and forms of concentrated energy to vaporize incoming missiles. Reagan never intended this to be a viable plan – it was only introduced as a trump card to end the Cold War by aiming so far above the Soviet Union that they were forced to give up the arms race.

Sandra Day O’Connor

…, Arizona state senator from 1969 to 1974, appointed to the Arizona Court of Appeals in 1979. Reagan appointed her to the U.S. Supreme Court, making her the first female Justice of the Supreme Court.

William Rehnquist

…, born 1924, appointed from Virginia as associate justice in 1972 by pres. Nixon and as the 16th chief justice in 1986 by pres. Reagan, undergrad and masters degree from Stanford, masters from Harvard, and then law degree from Stanford , served until 2005

"Morning in America"

…, Ronald Reagan’s campaign theme. Really conservative undertones. Was used as a metaphor for renewal. Featured a montage of American’s going to work in the morning and represented suggested improvements to the US economy since 1980.

Congr. Geraldine Ferraro (D-NY)

…, Ferraro ran campaigns for a seat in the United States Senate from New York in 1992 and 1998, both times starting as the front-runner for her party’s nomination before losing in the primary election. She served as a United States Ambassador to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights from 1993 until 1996, in the presidential administration of Bill Clinton. She also continued her career as a journalist, author, and businesswoman

Walter Mondale

…, He was the vice president of Carter and when he won the democratic nomination he was defeated by a landslide by Reagan. He was the first presidential candidate to have a woman vice president, Geraldine Ferraro.

Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act (1985)

…, This law provided for automatic across-the-board spending cuts ("sequesters") to take effect if the president and Congress failed to reach established targets; because the automatic cuts were declared unconstitutional, a revised version of the act was passed in 1987; it failed to result in reduced deficits because leaders found ways around the requirements of the law.

Mikhail S. Gorbachev

…, the accession of power to him began the dramatic collapse of the Soviet Empire-in what proved to be the last attempt to reform the Soviet system, he immediately began the most remarkable changes that the Soviet Union had witnessed since the 1920s-he retired after seven years

Perestroika

…, Russian term for the political and economic reforms introduced in June 1987 by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Its literal meaning is "restructuring", referring to the restructuring of the Soviet political and economic system.

glasnost

…, Policy of openness initiated by Gorbachev in the 1980s that provided increased opportunities for freedom of speech, association and the press in the Soviet Union.

S & L Scandal

some of raegan’s advisors were given loans by S+Ls that failed but media didn’t investigate this b/c most ppl in Senate and Congress were democrats

Iran-Contra Scandal

…, Although Congress had prohibited aid to the Nicaraguan contras, individuals in Reagan’s administration continued to illegally support the rebels. These officials secretly sold weapons to Iran in exchange for the release of American hostages being held in the Middle East. Profits from these sales were then sent to the contras.

Col. Oliver North

…, Oliver North was tried in 1988 in relation to his activities while at the National Security Council. He was indicted on sixteen felony counts and convicted of three: accepting an illegal gratuity, aiding and abetting in the obstruction of a congressional inquiry, and destruction of documents. He was sentenced by U.S. District Judge Gerhard A. Gesell on July 5, 1989, to a three-year suspended prison term, two years probation, $150,000 in fines and 1,200 hours community service.

Sen. J. Danforth ["Dan"] Quayle (R-IN)

…, In 1988, incumbent U.S. Vice-President and Republican presidential candidate George H. W. Bush called upon Quayle to be his running mate in the forthcoming election. Although this choice was met with some dismay, the Bush/Quayle ticket won the 1988 Election over Democrat Michael Dukakis. Making official visits to 47 countries and being appointed chairman of the National Space Council, Quayle’s vice-presidency was considered to be very eventful. He secured re-nomination for vice-president in 1992 but the Bush/Quayle ticket was defeated by Democrat Bill Clinton and his vice-presidential nominee, Al Gore.

Gov. Michael J. Dukakis (D-MA)

…, served as the 65th and 67th Governor of Massachusetts from 1975-1979 and from 1983-1991, and was the Democratic presidential nominee in 1988. He was born to Greek immigrants of partly Vlach origin[1] in Brookline, Massachusetts, also the birthplace of John F. Kennedy, and was the longest serving governor in Massachusetts history. He was the second Greek American governor in U.S. history after Spiro Agnew.

Read my lips–No New Taxes!

…, Spoken by then presidential candidate George H. W. Bush at the 1988 Republican National Convention. Made famous because in winning the presidential election, he then broke his word and raised taxes; a hyperbolic but empty promise

Clarence Thomas

…, This man was an African American jurist, and a strict critic of affirmative action. He was nominated by George H. W. Bush to be on the Supreme Court in 1991, and shortly after was accused of sexual harassment by Anita Hill. Hearings were reopened, and he became the second African American to hold a seat in the Supreme Court.

Americans With Disabilities Act (1990)

…, A law passed in 1990 that requires employers and public facilities to make "reasonable accommodations" for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment.

Tiananmen Square Massacre

…, , In 1989, demonstrators peacefully assembled to push for greater democracy in China; when the demonstrators refused to disperse the government sent in troops and tanks

Persian Gulf War (1991)

…, began when Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq, invaded the oil-rich country of Kuwait. This belligerent action threatened to disturb the world’s oil supply. The UN responded with a trade embargo against Iraq, and eventually with an multi-national military fore that made Iraq withdraw from Kuwait.

Operation Desert Storm

…, Military operations that started on January 16, 1991, with a bombing campaign, followed by a ground invasion of February 23 and 24, 1991. The ground war lasted 100 hours and resulted in a spectacularly one-sided military victory for the Coalition.

Ross Perot

…, in 1992 challenged both major party candidates as an independent; ran again in 1996, Won 19% of the popular vote in 1992, blunt, forthright Texas billionaire tapped into popular resentment of the federal bureaucracy and by promised tough, uncompromising leadership to deal with the fiscal crisis and other problems of government. At some times he led both Bush and Clinton in public opinion polls

NAFTA- North American Free Trade Association

…, USA, Canada, and Mexico creaated a free trade zone in 1993 with the intention of eventually extending membership to allnoncommunist countriees in the americas.