APUSH Chapter 30

Woodrow Wilson

The Democratic representative in the presidential elections of 1912 and 1916. He was elected into the presidency as a minority president. He was born in Virginia and was raised in a very religious family. He was widely known for his political sermons. He was an aggressive leader and believed that Congress could not function properly without good leadership provided by the president. His progressive program was known as New Freedom and his foreign policy program was Moral Diplomacy. He was president during World War I.

Pancho Villa

Pancho Villa was a combination of a bandit and a Robin Hood. He was a rival of President Carranza of Mexico. He alluded Pershing and was never caught because Pershing was forced to go fight in WWI.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Ruler of Germany; congratulated the Boers of South Africa for capturing a British raiding party; this turned British anger toward Germany and prevented a war between the US and Britain over the Venezuelan Crisis

Charles Evans Hughes

He was a Republican governor of New York who was a reformer. He was later a supreme court justice who ran for President against Woodrow Wilson in 1916. The Democrats said that if Hughes won then the country would end up going to war. Hughes lost a very close race for the position to Wilson.

New Nationalism

Progressive policy of Theodore Roosevelt–1912 Progressive party platform–favored a more active government role in economic and social affairs–favored continued consolidation of trusts and labor unions and the growth of powerful regulatory agencies in Washington–favored women’s suffrage and social welfare programs (including minimum-wage laws and "socialistic" social insurance).

New Freedom

Wilson’s policy that favored the small business, entrepreneurship, and the free functioning of unregulated and unmonopolized markets.

Underwood Tariff Bill

The Underwood Tariff, substantially reduced import fees. Lost tax revenue would be replaced with an income tax that was implemented with the 16th amendment.

Federal Trade Commission Act

A committee formed to investigate industries engaging in interstate commerce. It was created to stop unfair trade practices and to regulate and crush monopolies.

Federal Farm Loan Act

Passed by president Wilson in 1916. Was originally a reform wanted by the Populist party. It gave farmers the chance to get credit at low rates of interest.

Workingmen’s Compensation Act

established an all-purpose protection program for Federal civilian employees and their dependents in the event of injury or death

Central Powers

in World War I the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary and other nations allied with them in opposing the Allies

Allies

Composed of France, Britain, and Russia, and later Japan and Italy, the Allies fought the Central Powers in World War I. The United States joined the Allies in 1917, and after major economic and military blows, World War I ended with the Treaty of Versailles.

Lusitania

The Lusitania was a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The unrestricted submarine warfare caused the U.S. to enter World War I against the Germans.

Sussex

Germany agreed not to sink unarmed passenger ships with out warning. They violated this in 1916 when they torpedoed this French passenger ship. Wilson threatened to break diplomatic relations because of this.

Triple Wall of Privilege

The banks, trusts, and tariffs that Wilson pledged to topple were collectively known as this

Federal Reserve Act

The most important piece of economic legislation between the Civil War and the New Deal. It created a regulatory agency for banking with 12 regional reserve districts. Each bank was independent but was controlled by the Federal Reserve Board, which was controlled by the public. The Federal Reserve controls the amount of money in circulation through reserves and interest rates.

German U-boats

boat that can go underwater without being seen. led to conflict b/c the uboats torpedoes ships and kille american passengers