APUSH – Chapter 23 – The New Deal

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Democratic candidate who won the 1932 election by a landslide. He refused to uphold any of Hoover’s policies with the intent on enacting his own. He pledged a present a "New Deal" to the American public in order to relieve the US of the Great Depression.

New Deal

President Franklin Roosevelt’s precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insureance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state’s intervention in U.S. social and economic life.

Glass-Steagall Act

established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and included banking reforms, some of which were designed to control speculation.; were both reactions of the U.S. government to cope with the economic problems which followed the Stock Market Crash of 1929.

Federal Securities Act

required corporations to provide complete information on all stock offerings and made them liable for any misrepresentations

Agricultural Adjustment Act

Recovery: (AAA); May 12, 1933; restricted crop production to reduce crop surplus; goal was to reduce surplus to raise value of crops; farmers paid subsidies by federal government; declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in US vs Butler on January 6, 1936

Civilian Conservation Corps

Relief: (CCC) March 31, 1933; reduced poverty/unemployment, helped young men and families; young men go to rural camps for 6 months to do construction work; $1/day; intended to help youth escape cities; concerned with soil erosion, state/national parks, telephone/power lines; 40 hr weeks

National Industrial Recovery Act

A New Deal legislation that focused on the employment of the unemployed and the regulation of unfair business ethics. The NIRA pumped cash into the economy to stimulate the job market and created codes that businesses were to follow to maintain the ideal of fair competition and created the NRA.

deficit spending

situation in which a government spends more money than it takes in

Huey Long

As senator in 1932 of Washington preached his "Share Our Wealth" programs. It was a 100% tax on all annual incomes over $1 million and appropriation of all fortunes in excess of $5 million. With this money Long proposed to give every American family a comfortable income, etc; This man was a strong, and possibly the most threatening, opposition to FDR’s New Deal

Eleanor Roosevelt

FDR’s Wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. She also worked for birth control and better conditions for working women

Works Progress Administration

New Deal Agency: Congress created this in 1935 as an agency that gave jobs to people who needed them. They worked on bridges, roads, and buildings. They spent 11 billion dollars and gave almost 9 million people jobs.

National Youth Administration

(FDR) , (NYA)1935, provided education jobs counseling and recreation for young people. part time positions at schools for students allowed for aid in h.s. college and grad school. part time jobs for drop outs

Wagner Act

1935; established National Labor Relations Board; protected the rights of most workers in the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands.

Social Security Act

guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health

NLRB vs Jones And Laughlin Steel Corp.

1936 – the steel corp intimidated and fired several workers who were part of the union found the company guilty of "unfaire labor practices" and ordered to rehire workers with packpay – broadened congress’ power

Frances Perkins

was the U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet. As a loyal supporter of her friend Franklin D. Roosevelt, she helped pull the labor movement into the New Deal coalition

Mary McLeod Bethune

a leader in the struggle for women’s and black equality. She founded a school for black students that eventually became Bethune-Cookman University. She also served as an advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt;, United States educator who worked to improve race relations and educational opportunities for Black Americans (1875-1955)

John Collier

He founded the American Indian Defense Association in 1923. Appointed commissioner of Indian affairs in 1933 he translated into policy his vision of a renewed tribal life. Collier cadged funds from the CCC, PWA, and WPA to construct schools, hospitals, and irrigation systems on Indian reservations

New Deal coalition

coalition forged by the Democrats who dominated American politics from the 1930’s to the 1960’s. its basic elements were the urban working class, ethnic groups, Catholics and Jews, the poor, Southerners, African Americans, and intellectuals.;, Alliance of southern conservatives, religious, and ethnic minorities who supported the Democratic Party for 40 years

Congress of Industrial Organizations

Originally began as a group of unskilled workers who organized themselves into effective unions. As there popularity grew they came known for the revolutionary idea of the "sit down strike", there efforts lead to the passage of the Fair Labor Standard Act and the organization continued to thrive under the New Deal.( page 790-791);, a federation of North American industrial unions that merged with the American Federation of Labor in 1955

Gone With the Wind

a romantic drama and the only novel written by Margaret Mitchell. The story is set in Jonesboro and Atlanta, Georgia during the American Civil War and Reconstruction[1] and follows the life of Scarlett O’Hara, the daughter of an Irish immigrant plantation owner.

Orson Welles

an actor, director, producer, writer. Created one of the most renowned radio broadcasts of all time ‘ The War of The Worlds"

Grant Wood

U.S. painter noted for works based on life in the midwest (1892-1942); his most famous painting is American Gothic.

Richard Wright

United States writer whose work is concerned with the oppression of African Americans (1908-1960)

The Grapes of Wrath

Set during the Great Depression, this novel focuses on a poor family of sharecroppers driven from their home by drought, economic hardship, and changes in the agriculture industry.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

An independent federal agency created by Glass-Steagall Reform Act. It insures up to $100,000 for bank deposits, thus helping put faith back into the banks.;, a federally sponsored corporation that insures accounts in national banks and other qualified institutions

Securities and Exchange Commission

Government agency having primary responsibility for enforcing the Federal securities laws and regulating the securities industry. It protected investors, listened to complaints, issued licenses and penalized fraud.;, an independent federal agency that oversees the exchange of securities to protect investors

National Labor Relations Board

Created by the National Labor Relations Act, also known as the Wagner Act it was created in the 1930’s by congressman Wagner who was sympathetic to labor unions. The National Labor Relation Board was an administrative board that gave laborers the rights of self-organization and collective bargaining.;, an independent agency of the United States government charged with mediating disputes between management and labor unions

parity

equality, as in amount, status, or value

Tennessee Valley Authority

A New Deal agency created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven-U.S.-state region around the Tennessee River Valley . It created many dams that provided electricity as well as jobs.;, A relief, recovery, and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil.