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Lincoln’s view on Secession |
– impractical because you cannot physically leave – All geography favored unity – would allow European nations to defy Monroe Doctrine |
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Fort Sumter |
Site of the opening engagement of the Civil War. On December 20, 1860, South Carolina had seceded from the Union, and had demanded that all federal property in the state be surrendered to state authorities. Major Robert Anderson concentrated his units at Fort Sumter, and, when Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861, Sumter was one of only two forts in the South still under Union control. Learning that Lincoln planned to send supplies to reinforce the fort, on April 11, 1861, Confederate General Beauregard demanded Anderson’s surrender, which was refused. On April 12, 1861, the Confederate Army began bombarding the fort, which surrendered on April 14, 1861. Congress declared war on the Confederacy the next day. Led to more states seceding. |
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Border States |
States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede. – under martial law – Lincoln’s purpose: save the union…NOT ANTI SLAVERY |
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North Advantages and Disadvantages |
Advantages: good economy, big factory system (weapons), controlled sea, more man power (immigrants), good communication (railroads) Disadvantages: had to invade and fight, less prepared, adopt military from civilians, "ok" leaders – 22 states |
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South Advantages and Disadvantages |
Advantages: fight behind own lands, bred to fight, moral support (fight for way of life), defend country, talented military officers Disadvantages: not enough factories for supplies, bad communication, bad economy – 11 states |
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Trent Affair |
In 1861 the Confederacy sent emissaries James Mason to Britain and John Slidell to France to lobby for recognition. A Union ship captured both men and took them to Boston as prisonners. The British were angry and Lincoln ordered their release |
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Laird Rams |
Two confederate warships being constructed in British shipyards, they were eventually seized by the British for British use to remain neutral in the Civil War. |
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Richmond, Virginia |
Capital of the Confederate States of America |
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Robert E. Lee |
Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force |
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Stonewall Jackson |
general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War whose troops at the first Battle of Bull Run stood like a stone wall (1824-1863) |
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Ulysses S. Grant |
an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War. |
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The Alabama |
A Confederate ship built in Britain and armed after it left port so it was not considered a warship when it left port. Displayed the main foreign intervention in the war, and because it never landed in a Confederate port it yielded Britain the naval base of the Confederacy. |
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Dominion of Canada |
The loose confederation of Ontario (Upper Canada), Quebec (Lower Canada), Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, created by the British North America Act in 1867 |
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Maximilian |
French viceroy appointed by Napoleon III of France to lead the new government set up in Mexico. After the Civil War, the U.S. invaded and he was executed, a demonstration of the enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine to European powers. |
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Writ of Habeas Corpus |
a court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person |
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Conscription Law of 1863 |
The law enacted a draft of men into the army. It helped increase the manpower of the Union army. |
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Morrill Tariff Act (1861) |
a tarriff which was higher than before. This was an example of how easy Congress could pass new laws since the South were not readmitted yet. |
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National Banking System (1863) |
Network of member banks that could issue currency against purchased government bonds. Created during the Civil War to establish a stable national currency and stimulate the sale of war bonds. |
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Homestead Act of 1862 |
Act that allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30 – instead of public land being sold primarily for revenue, it was now being given away to encourage a rapid filling of empty spaces and to provide a stimulus to the family farm, turned out to be a cruel hoax because the land given to the settlers usually had terrible soil and the weather included no precipitation, many farms were repo’d or failed until "dry farming" took root on the plains , then wheat, then massive irrigation projects |
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Anaconda Plan |
Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take an army through heart of south NO RESTING! |
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War of Attrition |
A war based on wearing the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses |
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Paying for the War |
North: excuse taxes, income tax (for the first time), war bonds, inflation > greenbacks South: wealthy lent money, foreign aid |
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Battle of Antietam (1862) |
Maryland, battle that should of been a federal victory. First march into the north, change in strategy, lee is invading the north, this allows lincoln to relaease the emancipation proclamation, bloodies day in american history about 23,000 casualties. First battle in Civil War to take place on Northern soil. |
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Emancipation Proclamation |
Issued by abraham lincoln on January 1st, 1863 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free |
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Morrill Land Grant of 1862 |
another one of the Government’s acts worked to encourage more settlers into the Great Plains (passed along with the Homestead Act of 1862). the Act set aside land and provided money for agricultural colleges, eventually, agricultural science became a huge industry |
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13th Amendment |
This amendment freed all slaves without compensation to the slaveowners. It legally forbade slavery in the United States. |
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Copperheads |
Most extreme portion of the Peace Democrats. They openly obstructed the war through attacks against the draft, against Lincoln, and the emancipation. Based in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. There was really no victory for this group. |
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Vicksburg |
Grant besieged the city from May 18 to July 4, 1863, until it surrendered, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union. – cuts confeds in half |
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Election of 1864 |
In this election, five political parties supported candidates for the presidency. They included the War Democrats, Peace Democrats, Copperheads, Radical Republicans, and the National Union Party. Each political party offered a different point of view on how the war should be run and what should be done to the Confederate states after the war. The National Union Party joined with Lincoln won the election on the recent northern victories against the South. |
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Gettysburg |
a large battle in the American Civil War, took place in southern Pennsylvania from July 1 to July 3, 1863. The battle is named after the town on the battlefield. Union General George G. Meade led an army of about 90,000 men to victory against General Robert E. Lee’s Confederate army of about 75,000. Gettysburg is the war’s most famous battle because of its large size, high cost in lives, location in a northern state, and for President Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address. |
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Appomattox Courthouse |
The place where Lee surrendered in April 1864 that ended the civil war, the Virginia town where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in 1865, ending the Civil War |
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Lincoln’s Assassination |
In Ford’s Theater, April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth assassinated President Abraham Lincoln, as well as trying to assassinate Ulysses S. Grant, and other politically powerful figures (with "friends"). |
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