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William Henry Harrison |
was an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe. (9th President) |
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Harrison’s Cabinet |
-secretary of state: Daniel Webster -spokesman of senate: Henry Clay **Whigs** |
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John Tyler |
elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died 1841-1845, President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery |
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Whigs |
conservatives and popular with pro-Bank people and plantation owners. They mainly came from the National Republican Party, which was once largely Federalists. They took their name from the British political party that had opposed King George during the American Revolution. Their policies included support of industry, protective tariffs, and Clay’s American System. They were generally upper class in origin. Included Clay and Webster |
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Fiscal Bank |
Went on the same lines as the two Banks of the US It seems the word fiscal in the title gave the idea that it would overcome some of the popular objections to the establishment of a third great national bank. President vetoed it in 1841 on alleged constitutional grounds. This ended all serious attempts to create a great national bank. |
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Third War with England |
"War" in which British and American writers "fought" with scathing written commentaries about the opposing country. It was fostered by lingering Ant-British feeling in America from the 2 wars and British "Travel Books" that condemned and mocked America as barbaric. Charles Dickens was prominent on the British side. |
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Canadian Frontier at Niagara Falls |
-American steamer attacked by British Forces -violated neutrality terms |
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McLeod |
boasted of helping in the attack on the U.S. ship Caroline and was arrested and condemned to execution > almost caused war with England |
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Aroostook War |
Maine lumberjacks camped along the Aroostook Rive in Maine in 1839 tried to oust Canadian rivals. Militia were called in from both sides until the Webster Ashburn – Treaty was signed. Took place in disputed territory. |
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Republic of Texas |
Created March; 1836 but not recognized until the next month after the battle of San Jacinto. Its second president attempted to establish a sound government and develop relations with England and France. However; rapidly rising public debt; internal conflicts and renewed threats from Mexico led Texas to join the U.S. in 1845. |
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Annexation of Texas |
U.S. made Texas a state in 1845. Joint resolution – both houses of Congress supported annexation under Tyler, and he signed the bill shortly before leaving office -part of John Tyler’s presidential campaign |
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Oregon Territory |
The territory comprised what arenow the states of Oregon and Washington; and portions of what became British Columbia; Canada. This land was claimed by both the U.S. and Britain and was held jointly under the Convention of 1818. -spain, america, britain, russia |
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Willemete River Valley |
– part of Oregon Territory > Americans settled here |
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Election of 1844 |
Candidates: Henry Clay (Whigs- in an upset over Van Buren) and James Polk (Democrat). Polk favored expansion, demanded that Texas and Oregon be added to the US and Clay had already spoken out against annexation. Polk won the election by the difference of one state (NY, because some of its votes went to the Liberty Party candidate, losing Clay the state) |
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Walker Tariff of 1846 |
This tariff by Polk was one of his accomplished goals, which including reestablishing the independent treasury, vetoing all internal-improvement bills, and fulfilling the ideals of Manifest Destiny |
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Polk’s Goals as President |
reestablishment of the independent treasury system. To lower the tariff. To settle Oregon’s boundary dispute. And to acquire California. |
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Compromise of Oregon Territory |
49th Parallel – British did not care to fight because they knew America will eventually acquire it |
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Misunderstandings in Mexico |
-Polk wanted California for $25,000,000 -Mexico had debts to US -Mexico would not give California > FIGHT! -boundary: Neuces vs Rio Grande |
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Mexican War |
after disputes over Texas lands that were settled by Mexicans the United States declared war on Mexico in 1846 and by treaty in 1848 took Texas and California and Arizona and New Mexico and Nevada and Utah and part of Colorado and paid Mexico $15,000,000 |
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"Spot Resolutions" |
Proposed by Abraham Lincoln in the spring of 1846. After news from president James K. Polk that 16 American service men had been killed or wounded on the Mexican border in American territory, Abraham Lincoln, then a congressman from Illinois, proposed these resolutions to find out exactly on what spot the American soldier’s blood had been shed. In Polk’s report to congress the President stated that the American soldiers fell on American soil, but they actually fell on disputed territory that Mexico had historical claims to. To find out were the soldiers fell was important because congress was near to declaring war on Mexico. |
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Stephen W. Kearny |
small army under colonel kearny captured santa fe; went to california to join bear flag revolution |
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John C. Freemont |
led groups into southwestern Mexico to claim California as an independent nation |
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Zachary Taylor |
General that was a military leader in Mexican-American War and 12th president of the United States. Sent by president Polk to lead the American Army against Mexico at Rio Grande, but defeated. |
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Winfield Scott |
United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War (1786-1866) |
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
February 2 1848. The agreement between President Polk and the new Mexican government for Mexico to cede California and New Mexico to the US and acknowledge the Rio Grand as the boundary of Texas. In return, the US promised to assume any financial claims its new citizens had against Mexico and to pay the Mexicans $15 million. |
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Nicholas P. Trist |
chief clerk in the State Department, was sent to negotiate a peace treaty with a defeated Mexico in 1847. Before he could open negotiations he was summoned to return, but he ignored the order and stayed to negotiate the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
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Wilmot Proviso |
Dispute over whether any Mexican territory that America won during the Mexican War should be free or a slave territory. A representative named David Wilmot introduced an amendment stating that any territory acquired from Mexico would be free. This amendment passed the House twice, but failed to ever pass in Senate. The "Wilmot Proviso", as it became known as, became a symbol of how intense dispute over slavery was in the U.S. |
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Mexican War and Slavery |
made slavery a very important problem in america -mexicans freed slaves |
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