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Cotton and the States |
-North: helped economy because the the merchants traded with England who completely depended on US for all clothes -South: produced half of world’s cotton and dependent totally on blacks |
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Planter Aristocracy |
-South governed by select few rich people, was the head of the southern society. they determined the political, economic, and even the social life of their region. the wealthiest had home in towns or cities as well as summer homes, and they traveled widely, especially to europe, children got good education. they were defined as the cotton magnates, the sugar, rice, and tobacco, the whites who owned at least 40 or 50 slaves and 800 or more acres – women dependent on slaves |
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Sir Walter Scott |
Author who created idealized society that was fake to make people take their minds off of what was happening – ideal feudal society |
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Over Speculation |
buying stocks for more than what their worth |
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One Crop Economy |
an economy that depends on a single crop for income |
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Why did non-slave owners want slavery? |
it gave them racial superiority over slaves |
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Free Blacks |
North: a "third race", prohibited from certain occupations, barred from some Northern states, often in competition with whites for menial jobs South: yhad their own communities, mullatoes, no occupation, no testifying |
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Female Slaves |
were expected to take care of their own family as well as cook, clean, and maintain their "owner’s" house as well -promised freedom after 10 children |
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Harriet Beecher Stowe |
Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a book about a slave who is treated badly, in 1852. The book persuaded more people, particularly Northerners, to become anti-slavery. |
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Sojourner Truth |
American abolitionist and feminist. Born into slavery, she escaped in 1827 and became a leading preacher against slavery and for the rights of women. |
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William Lloyd Garrison |
1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society. |
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Wendell Phillips |
An associate of William Lloyd Garrison, this man founded the American Antislavery Society in 1833. |
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Pro-slavery |
Slavery had been explicitly been defended as long as people had been criticizing it; change in the way southerners defended slaveholding; spoke of slaveholding as a regrettable evil, necessary evil, or redeemable evil – but increasingly after 1831 others began to adopt the viewpoint that slavery was a ‘positive good.’ Rationale and profitable system; morally superior to other systems; slaves were better off than ancestors in Africa; Between 1800-1831, a few things changed: 1) international slave trade was abolished and took effect in 1808; raised the trade value of slaves in the upper South 2) Rise of anti-slavery ideology 3) Nat Turner |
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Life Under the Lash |
Life for slaves varied on the their situations. They had no civil or political rights, no marriage legalization or protection/security. Punishment for slaves was often whippings. Savage beatings made laborers hurt resale values. The "black belt went from South Caroline to Georgia, to Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Black people were 75% of the population there. |
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How did slaves maintain culture? |
-named by grandparents: family identity -religion: Christianity and African elements "responsorial", ring-shout dances |
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Gabriel Prosser (1800) |
he gathered 1000 rebellious slaves outside of Richmond; but 2 Africans gave the plot away, and the Virginia militia stymied the uprising before it could begin, along with 35 others he was executed. |
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Denmark Vesey (1822) |
A mulatto who inspired a group of slaves to seize Charleston, South Carolina in 1822, but one of them betrayed him and he and his thirty-seven followers were hanged before the revolt started. |
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Nat Turner (1831) |
Slave in Virginia who started a slave rebellion in 1831 believing he was receiving signs from God His rebellion was the largest sign of black resistance to slavery in America and led the state legislature of Virginia to a policy that said no one could question slavery. |
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"Cotton Kingdom" |
Areas in the south where cotton farming developed because of the high demand for cotton, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas (partly Florida) |
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Sold "down the river" |
North would sell their house servants to plantation owners in the south (down the Mississippi river). Servants felt betrayed. |
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British Emancipation (1833) |
the British freed slaves in the west Indies |
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American Colonization Society (1837) |
A Society that thought slavery was bad. They would buy land in Africa and get free blacks to move there. One of these such colonies was made into what now is Liberia. Most sponsors just wanted to get blacks out of their country. |
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Theodore Dwight Weld |
a prominent abolitionist in the 1830’s. He was self-educated and very outspoken. Weld put together a group called the "Land Rebels." He and his group traveled across the Old Northwest preaching antislavery gospel. Weld also put together a propaganda pamphlet called American Slavery As It Is. |
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Lyman Beecher |
Presbyterian clergyman, temperance movement leader and a leader of the Second Great Awakening of the United States. |
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David Walker |
He was a black abolitionist who called for the immediate emancipation of slaves. He wrote the "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World." It called for a bloody end to white supremacy. He believed that the only way to end slavery was for slaves to physically revolt. |
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Martin Delaney |
one of the few black leaders to take seriously the notion of mass recolonization of Africa, in 189 he visited West Africa’s Niger Valley seeking a suitable site for relocation |
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Elijah P. Lovejoy |
American Presbyterian minister, journalist, and news paper editor who was murdered by a mob for his abolitionist views |
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"Free-soilers" |
People who opposed expansion of slavery into western territories |
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Southern Hierarchy |
• Planters (3% of Ga) • Small Farmers • Slaveless "crackers" • Hillbillies • Slaves |
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Slave Codes |
laws in the southern states that controlled enslaved people |
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Manifest Destiny |
This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea," from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This rationale drove the acquisition of territory. |
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