APUSH ch4

Halfway Covenant

A Puritan church document; In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations.

Encomienda System

priviledge given by Spain to Spanish settlers in the Americas which allowed to control the lands and people of a certain territory

Jamestown

The first successful settlement in the Virginia colony founded in May, 1607. Harsh conditions nearly destroyed the colony but in 1610 supplies arrived with a new wave of settlers. The settlement became part of the Virginia Company of London in 1620. The population remained low due to lack of supplies until agriculture was solidly established. Jamestown grew to be a prosperous shipping port when John Rolfe introduced tobacco as a major export and cash crop.

Technological changes in 14the century Europe

Better ships, caravels with triangular foresails, new methods of navigation, improved weaponry, allowed wealthy nation states to begin exploration

south atlantic system

A trade system that brought wealth to Europe, and economic, political human tragedies to Africa. Everyone was getting rich by trading slaves sugar and tobacco.

bacon’s rebellion

an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part; a similar uprising in Maryland occurred later that year. The uprising was a protest against the governor of Virginia, William Berkeley.

massachusetts bay

Colony settled by the Puritans. It was very strict and eventually becomes the city of Boston.

pennsylvania

in 1681, Charles II awarded the land of PA to William Penn, in order to pay off a debt to his father. He established Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers

John Rolfe

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

Mercantilism

an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation’s wealth by government regulation of all of the nation’s commercial interests

Powhatan

Indian chief and founder of the Powhatan confederacy of tribes in eastern Virginia

fur trade in north america

lucrative trading market in the northern colonies of north america that divided tribes religiously and created constant warfare. the tribes shifted power from elders to young warriors

tobacco

Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown

Maryland

the first colony established for Catholics

Lord Baltimore

Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. He did so because he knew that members of his own religion (Catholicism) would be a minority in the colony.

King Philips War

1675 – A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.

Scots-irish

A group of restless people who fled their home in Scotland in the 1600s to escape poverty and religious oppression. They first relocated to Ireland and then to America in the 1700s. They left their mark on the backcountry of Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia. These areas are home to many Presbyterian churches established by the Scots-Irish. Many people in these areas are still very independent like their ancestors.

Pietism

17th and 18th-century German movement in the Lutheran Church stressing personal piety and devotion

Quakers

English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania

Molasses Act of 1733

British legislation which had taxed all molasses, rum, and sugar which the colonies imported from countries other than Britain and her colonies. The act angered the New England colonies, which imported a lot of molasses from the Caribbean as part of the Triangular Trade. The British had difficulty enforcing the tax; most colonial merchants did not pay it.

Plymouth

established by religious seperatists seeking a free place from the Church of England; sailed on the Mayflower in 1620 after getting a charter from the Virginia Company; by the end of the century, Plymouth had become the colony of Massachusetts

Salem Witch trials

Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged as witches. Afterwards, most of the people involved admitted that the trials and executions had been a terrible mistake.

Life in the Chesapeake

Very harsh, lots of death

anne hutchinson

American colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views (1591-1643)

Slavery in the West Indies

Slave-based plantation societies because of sugar plantations

Religious toleration in the colonies

Massachusetts Bay-none Chesapeake and Virginia-some Plymouth and Rhode Island-lots, no legally established church

Deism

The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life.

Roger Williams

English clergyman and colonist who was expelled from Massachusetts for criticizing Puritanism

Leisler’s Rebellion

1689 – When King James II was dethroned and replaced by King William of the Netherlands, the colonists of New York rebelled and made Jacob Leiser, a militia officer, governor of New York. Leisler was hanged for treason when royal authority was reinstated in 1691, but the representative assembly which he founded remained part of the government of New York.

Great Awakening

Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.

Baptists

gained great support from Second Great Awakening, stressed personal conversion and church democracy