apush ch 27 and 28

In 1945, Joseph Stalin’s vision of a postwar world in which great powers would control strategic areas of interest was largely shared by
A. Charles De Gaulle.
B. Winston Churchill.
C. Franklin Roosevelt.
D. Mao Zedong.
E. Harry Truman.

B. Winston Churchill.

In early 1943, at the Casablanca Conference
A. Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt agreed the Axis powers must surrender unconditionally.
B. Joseph Stalin refused to attend.
C. Churchill and Roosevelt agreed to follow Stalin’s strategy to defeat Germany.
D. Stalin threatened to make a separate peace with Germany.
E. Stalin argued against the Allies opening a second front in western Europe.

A. Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt agreed the Axis powers must surrender unconditionally

In late 1943, at the Teheran Conference
A. Franklin Roosevelt knew Joseph Stalin urgently needed American aid in fighting Germany.
B. Winston Churchill agreed to enter the war in the Pacific as soon as Germany was defeated.
C. Franklin Roosevelt urged Joseph Stalin to postpone his westward offensive.
D. it was agreed that Poland should be put under Soviet control after the war.
E. Franklin Roosevelt promised an Anglo-American second front within six months.

E. Franklin Roosevelt promised an Anglo-American second front within six months.

In early 1945, at the Yalta Conference
A. Franklin Roosevelt was too ill to attend.
B. Joseph Stalin withdrew a promise to enter the Pacific war.
C. Winston Churchill left early in a dispute with Stalin.
D. it was agreed the Soviet Union should regain land lost in the 1904 Russo-Japanese War.
E. Joseph Stalin refused to agree to Roosevelt and Churchill’s plans for the United Nations.

D. it was agreed the Soviet Union should regain land lost in the 1904 Russo-Japanese War.

In designing the structure of the new United Nations, planners called for
A. each nation on the Security Council to have veto power over the others.
B. a General Assembly in which select nations would have voting rights.
C. the president of the UN to be selected from one of the five major powers.
D. membership to be limited to one hundred nations.
E. Germany and Japan to be added to the Security Council after twenty-five years.

A. each nation on the Security Council to have veto power over the others.

In 1945, when the United States Senate considered the proposed United Nations, it
A. initially rejected American membership.
B. quickly ratified the agreement by a large majority.
C. refused to vote on the charter for nearly a year.
D. made major changes to its charter.
E. put the question to a national referendum.

B. quickly ratified the agreement by a large majority.

At the conclusion of the Yalta Conference in 1945, basic disagreements remained on
A. the government of Poland.
B. the unification of Germany.
C. war reparations to the Soviet Union.
D. All the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct.

D. All the answers are correct.

All of the following statements regarding the "occupation zones" of Germany in 1945 are true EXCEPT
A. there were a total of four zones, each controlled by a different nation.
B. the zones were to be determined by the position of troops at the end of the war.
C. all of Berlin was to be placed under Soviet control.
D. at an unspecified date, Germany would be reunited.
E. Roosevelt preferred a reconstructed and reunited Germany.

C. all of Berlin was to be placed under Soviet control.

Between the Yalta Conference and his death, President Franklin Roosevelt
A. saw no evidence that Stalin would not live up to his promises at Yalta.
B. concluded that diplomacy would not settle American differences with Stalin.
C. began planning for a military confrontation against the Soviet Union.
D. frequently conveyed his fears about Russia to Vice-President Harry Truman.
E. became increasingly concerned that Stalin was not going to fulfill conference agreements.

E. became increasingly concerned that Stalin was not going to fulfill conference agreements

In 1945, when Harry Truman became president he
A. had almost no familiarity with foreign affairs.
B. believed Joseph Stalin could be trusted.
C. was already drawing plans for his "Truman Doctrine."
D. looked to Great Britain to contain the Soviet Union.
E. renounced the Yalta accords signed by Roosevelt.

A. had almost no familiarity with foreign affairs.

President Harry Truman initially decided to "get tough" with the Soviet Union
A. following the end of the war in the Pacific.
B. once the United States had successfully used the atomic bomb.
C. at the Potsdam Conference.
D. after his first few days in office.
E. after it became clear Stalin was supporting communist forces in China.

D. after his first few days in office.

In 1945, President Harry Truman conceded to communist authority in
A. China.
B. Poland.
C. Berlin.
D. Hungary.
E. Yugoslavia.

B. Poland.

By 1945, the Chinese government of Chiang Kai-shek had
A. grown antagonistic toward the United States.
B. designs on taking over conquered Japan.
C. little popular support.
D. drifted toward communism.
E. willingly ceded authority to Mao Zedong.

C. little popular support.

In the years immediately following World War II, the United States policy toward Asia saw
A. the United States intervene militarily in China to fight communist advances there.
B. President Harry Truman place restrictions on industrial development in Japan.
C. President Truman threaten communists in China with atomic bombs.
D. the United States provide financial support to Mao Zedong for reasons of stability.
E. the Truman administration encourage the rapid economic growth of Japan.

E. the Truman administration encourage the rapid economic growth of Japan.

Beginning in 1947, the United States’ policy of "containment" was
A. the basis for its foreign policy for more than thirty years.
B. first applied in Poland.
C. an extension of the Atlantic Charter.
D. All the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct.

A. the basis for its foreign policy for more than thirty years.

In 1947, the Truman Doctrine
A. asserted it was the obligation of the United States to support free peoples around the world.
B. assumed the Soviet Union would continually attempt a global expansion of its authority.
C. was originally invoked to provide aid to Greece and Turkey.
D. All the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct.

D. All the answers are correct.

In 1947, the United States was motivated to develop the Marshall Plan due to
A. a humanitarian concern for European people.
B. a desire to contain communism in Europe.
C. a desire to create strong European markets for American goods.
D. All the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct.

D. All the answers are correct.

Between 1947-1950, Marshall Plan aid
A. was offered to the Soviet Union.
B. failed to significantly revive European industrial production.
C. had little impact on communist influence within nations that accepted aid.
D. was opposed by many Republicans in Congress.
E. grew more controversial after a Soviet coup in Czechoslovakia in 1948.

A. was offered to the Soviet Union.

The National Security Act of 1947 created the
A. National Security Council.
B. Central Intelligence Agency.
C. Department of Defense.
D. All the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct.

D. All the answers are correct.

In 1948, the Soviet Union’s blockade of West Berlin was primarily a response to
A. the Marshall Plan.
B. the United States putting nuclear missiles in Turkey.
C. the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
D. the Truman Doctrine.
E. the creation of a unified West Germany.

E. the creation of a unified West Germany.

In 1948, President Harry Truman responded to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin by
A. sending American paratroopers into West Berlin.
B. airlifting supplies to West Berlin.
C. threatening war with the Soviet Union.
D. encouraging the United Nations to pass economic sanctions.
E. creating a blockade of East Berlin.

B. airlifting supplies to West Berlin.

In 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
A. was created in response to the Soviet Union’s Warsaw Pact.
B. called for a de-militarized zone across western Europe.
C. declared that an attack on one member nation was an attack on all.
D. All the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct.

C. declared that an attack on one member nation was an attack on all.

In the last months of 1949, events in the Soviet Union and China included
A. Russia’s successful test of an atomic weapon.
B. the collapse of Mao Zedong’s government to communist forces.
C. the death of Joseph Stalin.
D. All the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct.

A. Russia’s successful test of an atomic weapon.

The 1950 National Security Council report known as NSC-68 stated
A. western allies must take the initiative in resisting communism in their region.
B. the United States must resist communism anywhere it developed in the world.
C. the defense of western Europe was the key to winning the fight on communism.
D. the United States must gradually increase its level of defense spending.
E. that Chinese aggression against Taiwan would result in war.

B. the United States must resist communism anywhere it developed in the world.

The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944
A. was limited to servicemen who had been wounded in combat.
B. mainly provided counseling for emotionally troubled veterans.
C. helped to reduce government spending.
D. gave housing and education subsidies to veterans.
E. explicitly discriminated against African Americans.

D. gave housing and education subsidies to veterans.

During 1946-1947, the American economy
A. was plagued by serious inflation.
B. experienced few labor strikes.
C. fell back to depression conditions.
D. witnessed a significant tax increase.
E. confronted a wave of unexpected bank failures.

A. was plagued by serious inflation.

Following World War II, the great majority of working American women
A. kept the same jobs they had during the war.
B. voluntarily left the labor force.
C. moved to jobs outside the service sector.
D. found themselves excluded from nearly all employment.
E. wanted to keep working.

E. wanted to keep working.

President Harry Truman’s Fair Deal called for
A. a retraction of many New Deal programs.
B. an end to public housing.
C. a freeze on the minimum wage to combat inflation.
D. the creation of national health insurance.
E. an end to the Fair Employment Practices Act and other wartime measures.

D. the creation of national health insurance.

The 1946 elections
A. revealed growing public support for President Harry Truman’s domestic agenda.
B. saw the Democrats retain control of the House, but lose the Senate.
C. saw Republicans win control of both houses of Congress.
D. saw President Truman chastise Republican critics with the slogan "Had Enough?"
E. saw Republicans argue that Truman aimed to roll back the New Deal.

C. saw Republicans win control of both houses of Congress.

The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947
A. permitted the "union shop."
B. expanded the Wagner Act.
C. permitted the "closed shop."
D. prohibited states from passing "right-to-work" laws.
E. was supported by President Truman.

A. permitted the "union shop."

President Harry Truman responded to the 1946 election results by
A. deciding not to run for office in 1948.
B. becoming more conservative.
C. proposing a major civil rights bill.
D. abandoning his Fair Deal.
E. calling his opponents "soft on Communism."

C. proposing a major civil rights bill.

In 1948, the Americans for Democratic Action
A. was a coalition of conservative Democrats.
B. supported Henry Wallace for president.
C. was the major support group for President Harry Truman.
D. supported Strom Thurmond for president.
E. tried to draft Dwight Eisenhower for president.

E. tried to draft Dwight Eisenhower for president.

In the 1948 presidential election,
A. most people believed Harry Truman would win.
B. President Truman refrained from attacking Republicans for fear of alienating voters.
C. the Progressive and Dixiecrat candidates combined for 20% of the popular vote.
D. All the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct.

E. None of the answers are correct.

In 1949, President Harry Truman succeeded in getting Congress to pass
A. civil rights legislation.
B. nationalized health care.
C. federal aid to education.
D. aid to public housing.
E. significant tax cuts.

D. aid to public housing.

In 1949, the Truman administration made progress in civil rights by
A. making lynching a federal crime.
B. abolishing the poll tax.
C. ordering an end to discrimination in the hiring of government employees.
D. establishing the Fair Employment Practices Commission.
E. ordering the desegregation of public transportation.

C. ordering an end to discrimination in the hiring of government employees.

The Supreme Court case of Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) dealt a blow to
A. voter discrimination.
B. housing discrimination.
C. communism in the United States.
D. labor unions.
E. Truman’s plans for national health care.

B. housing discrimination.

A 1948 public opinion poll revealed that a majority of Americans believed atomic power would
A. cause significant harm to the environment if used as an energy source.
B. likely result in the destruction of much of human civilization in the next few decades.
C. be used in war within the next five years.
D. have few practical applications in the foreseeable future.
E. in the long run, do more good than harm.

E. in the long run, do more good than harm.

In 1950, the immediate cause of the Korean War was the
A. decision by the United States to send troops to South Korea.
B. triumph of communism in China.
C. military invasion by North Korea into South Korea.
D. division of Korea into northern and southern halves.
E. military invasion of North Korea by China.

C. military invasion by North Korea into South Korea.

All of the following statements regarding Korea are true EXCEPT
A. in 1945, both the United States and the Soviet Union had troops in Korea.
B. the Soviet Union established a communist government in the north.
C. the United States left Korea in 1946.
D. the Soviet Union left Korea in 1949.
E. the country was divided along the 38th parallel.

C. the United States left Korea in 1946.

After World War II, in Korea, the government of Syngman Rhee
A. was pro-Western.
B. had a powerful military.
C. was supported by the Soviet Union.
D. was backed by communists in China.
E. was remarkably democratic.

A. was pro-Western.

In 1950, the Truman administration responded to the onset of fighting in Korea by
A. declaring war on North Korea.
B. calling on the United Nations to intervene.
C. warning China not to intervene.
D. threatening the use of atomic weapons.
E. telling South Korea to stand down

B. calling on the United Nations to intervene.

During the Korean War, the American invasion at Inchon
A. was aimed at preventing Chinese communists from entering the war.
B. was a military debacle.
C. led to a fight between General Douglas MacArthur and President Harry Truman.
D. prompted President Truman to try and push communists out of North Korea.
E. was ultimately thwarted due to the surprise intervention of the Chinese navy.

D. prompted President Truman to try and push communists out of North Korea.

In 1951, President Harry Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur of command because
A. MacArthur publicly stated that an invasion of China would be a military disaster.
B. MacArthur publicly criticized President Truman’s policy in Korea.
C. MacArthur refused to support Truman’s plan to use atomic weapons in Korea.
D. All the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct.

B. MacArthur publicly criticized President Truman’s policy in Korea.

The initial response by the American public to the dismissal of General Douglas MacArthur was
A. anger at the United Nations.
B. criticism of MacArthur.
C. relief that nuclear war had been avoided.
D. anger at China.
E. criticism of President Truman.

E. criticism of President Truman

During the Korean War, the Truman administration faced major strikes in the industries of
A. rail and steel.
B. steel and textiles.
C. textiles and coal.
D. coal and rail.
E. rail and textiles.

A. rail and steel.

As a result of the Korean War, the
A. American economy was dragged into a recession.
B. American public felt reassured that communism was being contained.
C. stature of the American military increased.
D. American public believed there was something wrong with the United States.
E. government reduced the amount of money it was pumping into the economy.

D. American public believed there was something wrong with the United States.

In 1947, the first target of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was
A. labor unions.
B. the Democratic Party.
C. the State Department.
D. the American Communist Party.
E. the movie industry.

E. the movie industry.

All of the following statements regarding the HUAC investigation of Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chambers are true EXCEPT
A. Chambers was a former communist agent.
B. classified documents allegedly stolen by Hiss were kept hidden by Chambers in a pumpkin.
C. the case cast suspicion on a generation of liberal Democrats.
D. Hiss was convicted of espionage.
E. Hiss served several years in prison.

D. Hiss was convicted of espionage.

Of the following, the HUAC investigation of Alger Hiss primarily helped the political career of
A. Richard Nixon.
B. Joseph McCarthy.
C. John Kennedy.
D. Ronald Reagan.
E. Lyndon B. Johnson.

A. Richard Nixon.

In 1947, the Truman administration responded to Republican attacks that it was weak on communism by
A. ignoring them.
B. charging the Republicans with harboring communists within their own party.
C. beginning an investigation into the loyalty of federal employees.
D. blaming lax security on the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
E. supporting passage of the McCarran Internal Security Act.

C. beginning an investigation into the loyalty of federal employees.

The McCarran Internal Security Act
A. outlawed all communist organizations in the United States.
B. created the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
C. was strongly supported by the Truman administration.
D. stripped American citizenship from all known communists.
E. required communist organizations to register with the government.

E. required communist organizations to register with the government.

In 1950, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accused of spying for
A. the Soviet Union.
B. North Korea.
C. China.
D. Poland.
E. Israel.

A. the Soviet Union.

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were
A. not members of the Communist Party.
B. accused of passing American secrets to its enemies.
C. convicted and sentenced to life in prison.
D. All the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct.

B. accused of passing American secrets to its enemies.

When Joseph McCarthy first leveled charges of communist infiltration in the government, he was a
A. member of the State Department.
B. private citizen.
C. first-term Republican senator.
D. member of the Defense Department.
E. Democratic member of the House.

C. first-term Republican senator.

Joseph McCarthy burst to national prominence by charging that there were known communists in the
A. State Department.
B. Defense Department.
C. Truman Cabinet.
D. Central Intelligence Agency.
E. United States Senate.

A. State Department.

During Joseph McCarthy’s investigation into alleged subversion in government
A. Republicans criticized his broad attacks on the Democratic Party.
B. Dwight Eisenhower spoke against him after McCarthy attacked George Marshall in 1952.
C. he never produced conclusive evidence that any federal employee was a communist.
D. much of the public criticized his blunt tactics and coarse behavior.
E. he drew particularly strong support from the "eastern establishment."

C. he never produced conclusive evidence that any federal employee was a communist.

The election of 1952 saw
A. a contest between two war heroes, neither of whom had ever held elective office.
B. President Harry Truman run for another term.
C. Richard Nixon forced to step down from the Republican ticket.
D. Joseph McCarthy run for president.
E. television play a significant role in the campaign.

E. television play a significant role in the campaign.

The results of the election of 1952 saw
A. the Republicans take control of the White House but not the Congress.
B. the end to a long period of Democratic dominance.
C. a close outcome between the two major parties.
D. All the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct.

B. the end to a long period of Democratic dominance.

During the 1950s, the general economic conditions of the United States included
A. stagnant economic growth.
B. high inflation.
C. low federal government spending.
D. a slowly rising gross national product.
E. low unemployment.

E. low unemployment

Between 1945 and 1960, the birth rate in the United States
A. reversed a long pattern of decline.
B. peaked in 1949.
C. led to a doubling of the nation’s population in this period.
D. led to shortages of many consumer goods.
E. fell precipitously from its World War II highs

A. reversed a long pattern of decline.

Following World War II, the American economy
A. gave the average American fifty percent more purchasing power in 1960 than in 1945.
B. gave Americans the highest standard of living in 1960, after Switzerland and Sweden.
C. grew nearly ten times faster than the population between 1945 and 1975.
D. produced wealth that was equally distributed throughout the nation’s population.
E. gave the average American ten percent more purchasing power than he or she had during the 1920s.

C. grew nearly ten times faster than the population between 1945 and 1975.

During the 1950s, the region of the United States that experienced the most dramatic change as a result of the economic growth was
A. the North.
B. the South.
C. the East.
D. the West.
E. Alaska and Hawaii.

D. the West.

During the 1950s, the American Federation of Labor in the United States
A. was intimidated by powerful and wealthy corporations.
B. made significant concessions in benefits to gain higher wages.
C. merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
D. represented nearly one-half of all working Americans.
E. saw its president, David Beck, charged with the misappropriation of union funds.

C. merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations.

All of the following researchers made important contributions to the development of antibiotics EXCEPT
A. Louis Pasteur.
B. Paul Muller.
C. Joseph Lister.
D. Alexander Fleming.
E. Howard Florey

B. Paul Muller.

Following World War II, American scientists made a critical contribution to the development of penicillin by
A. demonstrating the value of antiseptic solutions to prevent infection.
B. first using the antibacterial agent known as sulfanilamide.
C. finding methods for its mass production and commercial distribution.
D. discovering the antibacterial properties for which the drug was named.
E. discovering penicillin could be used to treat streptococcal blood infections.

C. finding methods for its mass production and commercial distribution.

In the early 20th century, the vaccine which raised the most safety concerns in the United States was for the prevention of
A. typhoid.
B. tetanus.
C. small pox.
D. rubella.
E. tuberculosis.

E. tuberculosis.

In 1954, the American scientist Jonas Salk developed a vaccine for the prevention of
A. polio.
B. tuberculosis.
C. influenza.
D. yellow fever.
E. typhoid.

A. polio.

All of the following statements regarding the use of DDT are true EXCEPT
A. the pesticide likely saved the lives of thousands of soldiers during World War II.
B. the pesticide was recognized to be extremely toxic to insects.
C. after its introduction, it quickly gained a positive reputation for its effectiveness.
D. scientists during WWII knew the pesticide had a long-term toxic effect on humans and animals.
E. it was first used on a large scale in Italy in 1943-44 during a typhus outbreak.

D. scientists during WWII knew the pesticide had a long-term toxic effect on humans and animals.

The correct chronological order for developments in electronic technology is
A. vacuum tube, integrated circuit, transistor.
B. transistor, vacuum tube, integrated circuit.
C. vacuum tube, transistor, integrated circuit.
D. integrated circuit, transistor, vacuum tube.
E. transistor, integrated circuit, vacuum tube.

C. vacuum tube, transistor, integrated circuit.

The first significant public awareness in the United States of computers came during
A. the 1961 Mercury space flight.
B. the 1957 launch of Sputnik.
C. the 1958 launch of the first American satellite.
D. the 1950 Bureau of Census tabulations.
E. the 1952 election tabulations.

E. the 1952 election tabulations.

During the 1950s, the United States government’s primary motive for the development of rocket and missile technology was
A. for the exploration of outer space.
B. for the establishment of communication and spy satellites around the earth.
C. the quest to land a man on the moon.
D. for the long-range delivery of weapons.
E. to catch up with German knowledge of rocketry.

D. for the long-range delivery of weapons.

In 1960, the United States first successfully launched a missile from a submarine with the
A. Polaris.
B. Minuteman.
C. Titan.
D. Atlas.
E. Mercury.

A. Polaris

In 1961, the first American to be launched into space was
A. Yuri Gargarin.
B. John Glenn.
C. Alan Shepard.
D. Edwin Aldrin.
E. Neil Armstong.

C. Alan Shepard.

The primary purpose of the American Apollo program was to
A. launch manned vehicles into space to orbit the earth.
B. land men on the moon.
C. build an orbiting space station.
D. send men to Mars.
E, develop a reusable spaceship.

B. land men on the moon

Between 1945-1957, the growth of American consumerism was aided by
A. an 800 percent increase in consumer credit.
B. the development of credit cards.
C. low-payment credit plans.
D. revolving charge accounts.
E. All the answers are correct.

E. All the answers are correct.

Beginning in the late 1940s, William Levitt used mass-production techniques to sell
A. frozen foods.
B. appliances.
C. televisions.
D. houses.
E. automobiles.

D. houses.

During the 1950s, the popularity in the United States of suburban living was partly explained by
A. the social importance placed on the family.
B. a desire for racial segregation.
C. a desire for privacy, security, and space for consumer goods.
D. All the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct

D. All the answers are correct.

In 1946, Dr. Benjamin Spock’s best-selling Baby and Child Care contended that
A. fathers needed to spend as much time as mothers in the care and raising of their children.
B. mothers should stay at home with their children.
C. families should not have more than three children.
D. the ages of children in a family should not be spaced out more than five years.
E. children should not be breast-fed or allowed to sleep with their parents

B. mothers should stay at home with their children.

During the 1950s, in the United States, married women who worked outside the home
A. faced social pressures to quit their jobs.
B. increased in number throughout the decade.
C. accounted for one-third of all married women.
D. All the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct.

D. All the answers are correct.

All of the following statements regarding early television are true EXCEPT
A. in the 1920s, there were successful experiments in broadcasting pictures and sound.
B. in 1946, there were only a few thousand television sets in the United States.
C. the federal government regulated the content of both commercials and programs.
D. all three major television networks had started as radio companies.
E. it quickly became the most powerful medium of mass communication in history.

C. the federal government regulated the content of both commercials and programs.

During the 1950s, television networks
A. refused to show the social upheavals that occurred in America.
B. generally sought to convey an idealized image of America.
C. created conditions that helped to ameliorate social conflict.
D. All the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct

B. generally sought to convey an idealized image of America.

During the 1950s, the American environmental preservation movement was mobilized by
A. a proposed dam on the Green River in Echo Park, Utah.
B. the construction of a dam in the Hetch Hetchy Valley at Yosemite National Park.
C. the diverting of water from Owens Valley to Los Angeles, California.
D. the growing proliferation of nuclear power plants.
E. the nuclear incident at Three Mile Island.

A. a proposed dam on the Green River in Echo Park, Utah.

In his 1956 book on corporate America, The Organization Man, William Whyte, Jr. contended
A. the ideal of rugged individualism had been reestablished in the business community.
B. women and minorities had little chance for advancement in American corporations.
C. corporate wealth was not being fairly shared with its workers.
D. the "inner-directed man" had become "other-directed."
E. a worker’s most valuable trait in the corporate work setting was to get along.

E. a worker’s most valuable trait in the corporate work setting was to get along.

In his 1950 book, The Lonely Crowd, sociologist David Riesman argued that Americans
A. were increasingly less likely to judge themselves on the basis of their own values.
B. were increasingly interested in winning approval in their jobs and from their community.
C. were increasingly more likely to be "other-directed."
D. All the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct.

D. All the answers are correct.

The popular "beat" novel On the Road (1957) was written by
A. Allen Ginsberg.
B. J. D. Salinger.
C. Jack Kerouac.
D. William Burroughs.
E. Saul Bellow.

C. Jack Kerouac.

In the 1950s, crimes committed by juveniles
A. were the most visible evidence of widespread restiveness among young Americans.
B. did not receive much public attention.
C. soared, particularly in categories of violent crimes.
D. resulted in widespread social unrest during the decade.
E. did not significantly increase during the decade.

E. did not significantly increase during the decade.

Like many early white rock musicians, Elvis Presley drew heavily from black traditions in
A. jazz.
B. rhythm and blues.
C. country western.
D. gospel.
E. folk.

B. rhythm and blues

The rapid rise in the popularity of rock music was partly due to
A. innovations in radio programming.
B. innovations in television programming.
C. entrepreneurial record promoters.
D. All the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct.

D. All the answers are correct.

Michael Harrington’s 1962 book, The Other America, focused on the problems of
A. sexism.
B. racism.
C. poverty.
D. youth alienation.
E. McCarthyism.

C. poverty.

All of the following statements regarding poverty in America during the 1950s are true EXCEPT
A. more than 30 million Americans lived in poverty at any given time of the decade.
B. the percentage of the population living in poverty rose during the decade.
C. Native Americans were the single poorest group in the country.
D. most of the poor experienced poverty temporarily.
E. many rural Americans lived on the margins of the affluent society.

B. the percentage of the population living in poverty rose during the decade.

During the 1950s, rural America
A. lost ten percent of its population in 1956.
B. saw its percentage of the national income drop to less than two percent.
C. saw the South increase plantings of cotton as a cash crop.
D. All the answers are correct.
E, None of the answers are correct.

A. lost ten percent of its population in 1956.

In 1960, the city in the United States with the largest Mexican-American population was
A. New York.
B. San Antonio.
C. Chicago.
D. San Diego.
E. Los Angeles.

E. Los Angeles.

All of the following were factors in the 1950s in rising poverty rates in inner cities EXCEPT
A. large numbers of poor people migrating into these areas.
B. increasing automation.
C. a growth of unskilled industrial jobs in these areas.
D. persistent racial discrimination.
E. the movement of factories and mills to new locations.

C. a growth of unskilled industrial jobs in these areas.

The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
A. reaffirmed the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision.
B. passed by a narrow 5-4 vote.
C. set specific timetables for enactment.
D. declared that separate educational facilities were unlawful.
E. arose from a case involving segregation in Mississippi.

D. declared that separate educational facilities were unlawful.

In the civil rights movement, the spirit of "massive resistance" is associated with
A. northern blacks.
B. southern blacks.
C. northern whites.
D. progressive liberals.
E. southern whites.

E. southern whites.

In 1957, the effort to integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas required
A. President Dwight Eisenhower to remove the governor of Arkansas from office.
B. the presence of federal troops to enforce court orders.
C. the replacement of many of the school’s teachers.
D. the arrest of hundreds of whites protesting at the school.
E. the Supreme Court to issue another decision, Brown II.

B. the presence of federal troops to enforce court orders.

The Montgomery bus boycott of 1955-1956
A. failed to end the segregation policies on public city buses.
B. was ruled illegal by the Supreme Court.
C. was sparked by a beating of an African-American woman.
D. marked the emergence of an effective form of racial protest.
E. led to the creation of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE).

D. marked the emergence of an effective form of racial protest.

Martin Luther King, Jr., was leader of the
A. Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
B. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
C. United Negro Improvement Association.
D. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.
E. Congress of Racial Equality.

A. Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

In the 1950s, factors in the rise of the civil rights movement included
A. the events of World War II.
B. the growth of the urban middle class.
C. the rapid spread of television.
D. Cold War politics.
E. All the answers are correct.

E. All the answers are correct.

In his economic agenda, President Dwight Eisenhower
A. cut back public welfare programs.
B. lowered federal support for farm prices.
C. generally followed the lead of the right wing of his party.
D. allowed the federal deficit to rise due to high military spending.
E. maintained the wage and price controls of the Truman administration.

B. lowered federal support for farm prices.

The most significant and costly initiative of the federal government under President Dwight Eisenhower involved
A. a nuclear energy program.
B. the space program.
C. a federal highway system.
D. a national healthcare system.
E. a large tax cut.

C. a federal highway system.

In the 1956 elections,
A. President Dwight Eisenhower faced his 1952 Democratic opponent.
B. the Republicans won control of both houses of Congress.
C. President Eisenhower suffered a heart attack on the campaign trail.
D. the major issue was an economic recession.
E. Vice-President Richard Nixon was dropped from the ticket.

A. President Dwight Eisenhower faced his 1952 Democratic opponent.

The political decline of Senator Joseph McCarthy began when he investigated
A. the United States Senate.
B. the Central Intelligence Agency.
C. Dwight Eisenhower’s family.
D. the civil rights movement.
E. the army.

E. the army.

In 1954, in regards to Senator Joseph McCarthy, the United States Senate voted to
A. expel him from the Senate.
B. censure him for "conduct unbecoming a senator."
C. charge him with slander and libel.
D. fine him.
E. convict him of perjury.

B. censure him for "conduct unbecoming a senator."

In 1954, under John Foster Dulles’s concept of "massive retaliation," the United States would
A. counter any Soviet military move with a larger American force.
B. win the Cold War regardless of the financial cost.
C. use nuclear weapons against communist aggression.
D. use military force before diplomacy in dealing with the Soviet Union.
E. rely primarily on large conventional forces in local conflicts to defeat communism.

C. use nuclear weapons against communist aggression.

Until the early 1950s, the country the United States assisted in trying to control Vietnam was
A. France.
B. Taiwan.
C. Japan.
D. England.
E. China.

A. France.

In 1954, Ho Chi Minh was receiving aid from
A. the Soviet Union.
B. the United States.
C. China.
D. the Soviet Union and the United States.
E. the Soviet Union and China

E. the Soviet Union and China

In regards to Vietnam, the Geneva accords of 1954
A. were written by the United States State Department.
B. gave Ho Chi Minh full authority of the country.
C. called for democratic elections.
D. led France to increase its presence.
E. put Ngo Dinh Diem in charge of North Vietnam.

C. called for democratic elections.

As a result of the Geneva accords of 1954, the United States
A. oversaw elections in which Ngo Dinh Diem was popularly elected.
B. initiated a program to send financial aid to Vietnam.
C. sent combat troops to Vietnam.
D. supported Ngo Dinh Diem as the leader of the government in South Vietnam.
E. sent military aid to the French at Dien Bien Phu.

D. supported Ngo Dinh Diem as the leader of the government in South Vietnam.

Between 1945-1959, the United States policy in the Middle East saw the
A. Eisenhower administration assist in the construction of the Aswan Dam.
B. Truman administration refuse to recognize the state of Israel.
C. President Eisenhower seek to end the rule of Egyptian leader Gamal Nasser during the Suez crisis.
D. CIA engineer a coup that brought the Shah of Iran to power.
E. U.S. refuse to join in a UN resolution denouncing British and French actions during the Suez crisis.

D. CIA engineer a coup that brought the Shah of Iran to power.

In 1954, the Eisenhower administration ordered the CIA to help overthrow the government of
A. Panama.
B. Colombia.
C. Guatemala.
D. Cuba.
E. Haiti.

C. Guatemala.

The Eisenhower administration responded to Fidel Castro’s coming to power in Cuba by
A. ending diplomatic relations.
B. blockading Cuban ports.
C. establishing a military presence in Guantanamo Bay.
D. All the answers are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct.

A. ending diplomatic relations.

In 1960, the Soviet Union’s announcement it had shot down an American U-2 spy plane
A. proved to be false.
B. occurred at the close of an important summit conference in Paris.
C. compelled President Dwight Eisenhower to apologize for invading Soviet airspace.
D. resulted in a United Nations’ proclamation that criticized the United States.
E. led Soviet Premier Khrushchev to cancel a planned visit by Eisenhower to Moscow.

E. led Soviet Premier Khrushchev to cancel a planned visit by Eisenhower to Moscow.

In his farewell address to the nation, President Dwight Eisenhower warned against the dangers of
A. global nuclear war.
B. excessive consumer materialism.
C. "brinkmanship" diplomacy.
D. "the military-industrial complex."
E. the growing communist threat.

D. "the military-industrial complex."