APUSH- CH. 19

Harriet Beecher Stowe

author of "Uncle Tom’s Cabin" in which she highlighted the evils of slavery; she had strong religious beliefs against slavery; the South condemned her while the North supported her, creating a political split

Hinton Helper

author of "The Impending Crisis of the South"; he hated both slavery and blacks but claimed non-slave owning whites were the victims of slavery; claimed the elite oligarchy plantation owners of the South were to blame for economic impact

John Brown

an obsessive abolitionist who moved from Ohio to Kansas and from there led a few of his followers to Pottawatomie Creek and slaughtered five proslaveryites; later he tried to arm some slaves of the South and encouraged them to start an uprising but was captured after trying to take over Harper’s Ferry arsenal and he was hanged

James Buchanan

won the election of 1856 for the democrats; his presidency was marked by the Dred Scott scandal, the Lecompton Constitution, and the secession of 7 of the would be 11 states in the South

Charles Sumner

MA senator and leading abolitionist who delivered "The Crime Against Kansas" speech which insulted pro-slaveryites and fellow SC senator Andrew Butler; this senator was attacked later by Congressman Preston Brooks; Brooks resigned after the attack but was re-elected back into office while this victim was left with great brain and nerve damage that took 3 years out of his career to heal

John Fremont

first republican candidate for the election of 1856; chosen due to his lack of involvement with the KS-NE Act ; Mexican explorer, soldier, and surveyor; lost to Buchanan in the election

Dred Scott

a black slave who lived in IL & WI territories while still being owned by his master in these free territories; abolitionists urged him to sue his owner but was shot down in the Supreme Court ruling

Roger Taney

Chief Justice of the Dred Scott case in which he ruled the 5th amendment, saying the govn’t can’t take private property, claimed Scott still as property which can be moved into any territory- free or slave

John Breckenridge

a split Southern Democrative party nominated him as candidate in the election of 1860; the platform was pro-slavery extension into territories and annexation of Cuba

John Bell

candidate for the election of 1860 for the Constitutional Union party; his platform was focused on the Constitution, preserving the Union, and enforcing laws

Abraham Lincoln

honest frontiersman from IL; the "rail-splitter" officially joined politics after the KS-NE act; challenged Douglas for the IL senate seat and although he put up a good fight, lost; won the election of 1860 as 1st successful Republican

Jefferson Davis

former US senator who in 1861, was chosen president of the Confederate States of America; had wide military and administrative experience

John Crittenden

KY senator who proposed an amendment to the Constitution that stated slavery would be prohibited north of the 36 30′ but anything south of that would be federally protected in both current and territory aquired later

self-determination

originally based off of the Declaration of Independence; many Southerners used this to claim they weren’t doing anything that was wrong or imoral- they could decide if they wanted to leave the Union because they had voluntarily joined in the beginning

southern nationalism

the overall feeling of the Confederates who pulled together in feelings that slavery was neccessary for Southern life to function; the more the Noth shunned Southern views, the more they pulled together with this

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

written by Harriet Beecher Stowe out of hatred for the FSL; showed the deep cruelty of slavery gained support from Europe and the North; the last straw for the North and started and later won the war for the North

The Impending Crisis of the South

written by Hinton Helper out of hatred of slavery and blacks; he hated slavery because the thought non-owning shites were the victims, not blacks; the book was banned from the South because the wealthy didn’t want to lose support of the non-owning white majority of the South

New England Immigrant Aid Society

group that advocated low cost transportation, builiding of mills, and temporary housing for the new KS settles; this affected the pattern and number of population settling and because of this organization’s strong influence in KS, it influenced the decision in supporting KS as a free state

Pottawatomie Creek massacre

this extremist abolitionist movement was led by John Brown; after moving from Ohio to Kansas, he led a few fellow extremists in May 1856 and slaughtered 5 proslaveryites in anger of the recent attack on Lawrence, KS

Lecompton Constitution

tricky document presented by proslaveryites; people couldn’t vote on this document as a whole but for the constitution with or without slavery; even if voted down, the provisions would already protect present slavery, so either way the citizens voted for slavery

Bleeding Kansas

Nickname given to Kansas after multiple and frequent attacks and murders including the Lawrence attack and Brown’s Pottawatomie Creek massacre

Know-Nothing Party

nominated Millard Fillmore as their 1856 candidate; group of superpatriots who were anti-foreigner and anti-Catholic; picked up some old Whig support for the election

American Party

the Know-Nothing party can also be called this

Dred Scott decision

case ruled by Roger Taney and the supreme court who ruled slaves are objects or property and dont have the right to sue; they can also remain a slave under their master even if they move to a free territory by the 5th amendment

panic of 1857

brough on by CA gold leading to inflation, the end of war in Europe leaving Northern farmers with surplus grain, and overspeculation of land; more psycologically damaging than the actually economics like the panic of 1837

Lincoln-Douglas debates

these two senator candidates for IL went head to head to prove themselves to the state legislature; the most famous one took place in Freeport,IL; Lincoln lost but gave Douglas a good run

Freeport Doctrine

Douglas’ response to Lincoln’s tough questions; claimed no matter how the Supreme Court ruled, slavery would stay down if the people voted it down; if public opinion went against legistation, it would be difficult to enforce

Harpers Ferry raid

Brown’s last extremist attempt- he seized a federal arsenal here to supply slaves with weapons so they could start their own uprising; after killing and injuring many innocent vicitms, Brown was captured and hanged

Constitutional Union Party

consisted of former Whigs and Know-Nothings; nominated John Bell of TN for candidate in the election of 1860; focused on following the Constitution, preserving the Union and enforcing laws

Crittenden Compromise

a proposed ammendment that would prohibit slavery above the 36 30′ and land south of that- present and future- would be federally protected to sustain slavery; and future states, North or South, could propose statehood with or without slavery using popular sovereignty