APUSH 1960- Present

Miranda v Arizona

Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police.

Huey Newton

co-founder and leader of the Black Panthers an African-American organization established to promote black power, civil rights, and self-defense.

Jimmy Carter

39th president of the US, who stressed human rights. Because of the Soviet war in Afghanistan, he enacted an embargo on grain shipments to USSR and boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow.

Washington Outsiders

A person who has never served in Congress or in government in Washington.

Bay of Pigs

An unsuccessful attempted by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro. When the invasion ended in disaster, President Kennedy took full responsibility for the failure.

Economic Opportunity Act

Several social programs to promote the health, education and general welfare of the poor.

Malcolm X

Minister of the Nation of Islam, urged blacks to claim their rights by any means necessary, more radical than other civil rights leaders of the time.

SALT I Treaty

a 5 year agreement between the US and the USSR, signed in 1972, that limited the nations’ numbers of intercontinental ballistic missiles and submarine-launched missiles.

Mayaguez Incident

Peace time military rescue operation conducted by US armed forces against Cambodia.

Gerald Ford

The 38th president of the US and the first president to be solely elected by a vote from Congress. He entered the office in August of 1974 when Nixon resigned. He pardoned Nixon of all crimes that he may have committed. The Vietnam War ended in 1975, in which Ford evacuated nearly 500,000 US and South Vietnamese from Vietnam.

Helsinki Accords

Political and human rights agreement signed by the Soviet Union and Western countries. It was an attempt to improve relations between the Communists and the West.

Reagonomics

Ronald Reagan’s economic beliefs that a captitalist system free from taxation and government involvement would be most productive. "Trickle Down Effect."

Voting Rights Act of 1965

a federal law that increased government supervision of local election practices, suspended the use of literacy tests to prevent people (usually African Americans) from voting, and expanded government efforts to register voters.

Rachel Carson

US biologist remembered for her opposition to the use of pesticides that were hazardous to wildlife.

War Powers Act

President can send US armed forces into action aboard only by authorization of Congress.

Betty Friedan

American feminist, activist and writer. Best known for starting the second wave of feminism through the writing of her book The Feminine Mystique and she created to National Organization for Women.

Cuban Missile Crisis

In October 1962, the US and USSR came close to nuclear war when JFK insisted that Khrushchev remove the 42 missiles he had in Cuba. The USSR eventually did so, nuclear war was averted.

Stokely Carmichael

a black civil rights activist in the 1960s who urged giving up peaceful demonstrations and pursuing "black power."

Vietnamization

President Nixon’s strategy for ending US involvement in Vietnam, involving a gradual withdrawl of US troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces.

George Wallace

Four time governor of Alabama. Most famous for his pro-segregation attitude and as a symbol for states’ rights.

Roe v Wade

US supreme court case that state that a woman’s right to abortion is determined by her current trimester in pregnancy.

War on Poverty

President LBJ’s program in the 1960s to provide greater social services for the poor and elderly.

Warren Commission

established by LBJ to investigate the assassination of JFK. Found that Oswald was a lone assassin but some questions were left unanswered.

Hippies

A subculture, originally a youth movement that began in the US. They advocated universal love and peace.

Bakke v Board of Regents

US court case in which Bakke was denied to University of California Medical School twice to people less qualified based on race. Case determined that affirmative action is legal as long as filling quotas is not used.

Supply-side economics

An economic philosophy that holds that sharply cutting taxes will increase the incentive people have to work, save, and invest. Greater investments will lead to more jobs, a more productive economy, and more tax revenues for the government.

Michael Harrington

Author who wrote The Other America. He alerted those in the mainstream to what he saw in the run-down and hidden communities of the country.

Stagflation

An economic situation in which inflation and economic stagnation occur simultaneously and remain unchecked for a significant period of time. Occurred in the 1960s and 1970s.

Barry Goldwater

Republican contender against LBJ for presidency; platform included lessening federal involvement, therefore opposing Civil Rights Act of 1964; lost by largest margin in history.

Ralph Nader

A leftist American politician who promotes the environment, fair consumerism, and social welfare programs. His book Unsafe at Any Speed brought attention to the lack of safety in American automobiles.

Equal Rights Amendment

constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender.

John F. Kennedy

35th president of the US. President during the Cold War, Bay of Pigs, and Cuban Missile Crisis. He passed the Civil Rights Act.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

A joint resolution of the US Congress in response to two alleged minor naval skirmishes on the coast of North Vietnam. It allowed the president to take all necessary measures to repel armed attacks or prevent further aggression.

Ronald Reagan

40th president of the US. He ran on a campaign based on the common man and "populist" ideas. He developed the "trickle down effect" of government incentives. His meetings with Gorbachev were the first steps to ending the Cold War.

Martin Luther King Jr.

US Baptist minister and civil rights leader. He opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations.

Gideon v Wainwright

US Supreme Court case that unanimously ruled that state courts are required to provide an attorney in criminal cases for defendants unable to afford their own.

Great Society

President LBJ’s version of the Democratic reform, included Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.

Lee Harvey Oswald

Accused of assassinating JFK, but he was never convicted.

Camp David Accords

A peace treaty between Israel and Egypt where Egypt agreed to recognize the nation state of Israel.

Affirmative Action

policies that take race, ethnicity, physical disabilities, military career, sex, or social class into consideration in an attempt to promote equal opportunity or increase ethnic or other forms of diversity.

Peace Corps

volunteers who help third world nations and prevent the spread of Communism by getting rid of poverty.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Extended voting rights and outlawed racial segregation in schools, workplaces, and facilities serving the general public.

Lyndon B. Johnson

36th president of the US, who wanted to stay out of Vietnam but sent soldiers because his goal was to stop the spread of Communism.

Kent State

A university where in the 1960s and 1970s was known for student activism in opposition to US involvement in Vietnam.