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Cyrus the Great |
definition- king of Persia, united the persian empire (circa 600-529 BC) significance- founder of the Persian empire |
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Hellenism |
definition- Culture derived from the Greek civilization that flourished between 800 and 400 B.C.E. significance- Greek culture spread throughout the Mediterranean world |
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Hellenistic culture |
definition- Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian and Indian ideas, as a result of Alexander the Great’s Empire. significance- spread Greek influence |
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polis |
definition- city-state form of government typical of Greek political organization from 800 to 400 B.C.E. significance- power centralized with local city government |
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Socrates |
definition- Athenian philosopher (ca. 470-399 B.C.E.) who shifted the emphasis of philosophical discussion to ethics and human behavior. significance- taught Plato and developed what is now called the socratic method of teaching |
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direct democracy |
definition- citizens have a direct vote on laws and how the government operates significance- used in ancient greece |
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Pericles |
definition- Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy significance- promoted democracy |
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Persian Wars |
definition- A series of wars between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire (5th century B.C.). significance- Greek victory led into Greeces golden age |
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Peloponnesian War |
definition- war from 431 to 404 B.C.E. between Athens and Sparta for domination in Greece significance- Spartans won but failed to achieve political unification in Greece |
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Macedon |
definition- kingdom of northern Greece significance- |
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Phillip II |
definition- ruled Macedon from 359 to 336 B.C.E significance- founder of centralized kingdom; conquered Greece |
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Alexander the Great |
definition- son and successor of Philip II; conquered Persian empire and advanced to borders of India significance- attempted to combine Greek and Persian culture. |
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Aristotle |
definition- Greek philosopher; taught that knowledge was based upon observation of phenomena in material world significance- teacher of Alexander |
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Roman Republic |
definition-The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate. significance- citizens voted representatives into power |
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Roman Empire |
definition-An empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 . significance- at its peak lands in Europe and Africa and Asia were ruled by ancient Rome. |
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patricians |
definition- the wealthy class in Roman society; landowners significance- |
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plebians |
definition- ordinary roman citizens significance- |
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consuls |
definition-two chief executives of the Roman republic significance- there where two unless there was an emergency and one could be chosen as dictator |
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tribunes |
definition- plebeian officials elected annually during the Roman republic significance- |
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Julius Caesar |
definition-general responsible for the conquest of Gaul; brought army back to Rome and overthrew republic significance- assassinated in 44 B.C.E. by conservative senators |
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Octavian (Augustus Caesar) |
definition- later took name of Augustus; Julius Caesar’s grandnephew and adopted son; defeated conservative senators after Caesar’s assassination significance- became first Roman emperor. |
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Diocletian |
definition- Roman emperor of 284 C.E. Attempted to deal with fall of Roman Empire by splitting the empire into two regions run by co-emperors significance- Split Rome into two parts |
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Constantine |
definition-Roman emperor (r. 312-337). After reuniting the Roman Empire, he moved the capital to Constantinople significance- made Christianity a favored religion. |
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Senate |
definition-In ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats. significance- elected representatives |
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Zoroastrianism |
definition-Persian religion founded by Zoroaster; taught that humans had the freedom to choose between right and wrong significance- human freedom of choice |
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Christianity |
definition-Religion emerging from Middle East in the first century C.E. holding Jesus to be the son of God who sacrificed himself on behalf of mankind significance- monotheistic exstention of Jeudism |
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Kush |
definition-An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 100 B.C.E significance- conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries. |
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Shintoism |
definition-a religion based in Japan, marked by worship of nature and reverence for ancestors significance- |
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Coptic Christianity |
definition-form of Christianity that took hold in Egypt and Ethiopia 1500 years ago significance- differed with other Christian beliefs about Jesus’s humanity |
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