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Xuanzang |
definition: Buddhist monk that illegally visited India; popularized Buddhism in China (629 C.E.) significance: Popularized Buddhism in China |
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Huang Chao |
definition: military commander that led an uprising of Eastern China for almost a decade (875-884) that helped to bring the Tang to a close significance: Weakened the Tang empire, leading to its demise |
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Du Fu |
definition: a famous chinese poet who wrote "spring landscape" and his poems were base on the suffering of his own life significance: Wrote about several changes in Chinese history |
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Li Bo |
definition: Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. significance: Wrote about Chinese social life during the Song dynasty |
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Zhu Xi |
definition: (1130-1200) Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China significance: demonstrated the influence of Buddhism |
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Sui |
definition: a dynasty (581 to 618) that rebuilt the Great Wall and began canal building, restored centralized rule after war |
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Grand Canal |
definition: an inland waterway 1000 miles long in eastern China built by the Sui dynsaty significance: facilitated trade in China from north to south |
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Tang |
definition: the imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907, restored centralized rule after war |
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Chang’an |
definition: ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history, today known as Xi’an |
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Equal field system |
definition: inheritance system where 1/5 of the land when to the peasant’s descendants and the rest went to the government |
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Bureaucracy of merit |
definition: civil service examinations; based on Confucian education – no longer decided by family lineage significance: Helped to strengthen the imperial government |
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Middle Kingdom |
definition: refers to China because the people believed that their land stood between heaven and Earth significance: rationalized the reason as to why the Chinese ruled over so many |
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Uighurs |
definition: A group of Turkic-speakers who controlled their own centralized empire from 744 to 840 in Mongolia and Central Asia. |
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Song |
definition: the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279 significance: flourished empire of China |
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Khitan |
definition: Nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture significance: brought the end of the Song dynasty |
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Jurchen |
definition: nomadic people that conquered Khitan, overran northern China, and captured the Song capital |
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Foot binding |
definition: practice in Chinese society to mutilate women’s feet in order to make them smaller significance: demonstrated Chinese patriarchal society |
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Dunhuang |
definition: A Chinese city on the edge of Taklimaken desert; all silk road routes reached this point significance: Location of a prominent Buddhist monastery, promoted Buddhism |
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Chan Buddhism |
definition: Known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society significance: brought Buddhism into China |
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Neo-Confucianism |
definition: term that describesthe resurgence of Confusianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the Tang dynasty significance: demonstrated Buddhist influences |
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Silla |
definition: Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies significance: Stopped Chinese rule in China, helped extend Chinese influence |
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Vietnam |
definition: a southern state below China significance: had fast-ripening Rice, allowed much more food to be produced |
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Nara Japan |
definition: Japanese period (710-794) centered around city of Nara, that was the highest point of Chinese influence significance: demonstrated CHinese influence |
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Heian period |
definition: (794 – 1100) move the capital to Heian; 300 years of developing a new culture; growth of large estates significance: moved away from chinese culutre, began to become more distinct |
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Tale of Genji |
definition: story of Prince Genji and his lovers, written by Lady Murasaki Shikibu at end of 11th century, world’s first full novel significance: first novel |
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Minamoto |
definition: Defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government (bakufu) in 12th century Japan significance: Brought in the medieval period of Japan |
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Shogun |
definition: a hereditary military dictator of Japan significance: established in place of an emperor, fractioned imperial rule |
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Kamakura |
definition: Yorimoto’s capital during his shogunate, destroyed in 1331 significance: head of the true power of Japan |
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Muromachi |
definition: later medieval period of Japan that ran from 1336 – 1573 CE; during the two periods, Japan developed a decentralized political order significance: Japan developed a decentralized political order |
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Samurai |
definition: a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy significance: leaders of the military emperor |
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Bushido |
definition: traditional code of the Japanese samurai which stressed courage and loyalty and self-discipline and simple living significance: provided more time for the Samurai to focus on bettering themselves |
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Seppuku |
definition: Ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; commonly known in West as hara-kiri; demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor significance: demonstrated the Samurai’s dedication to his profession |
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