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Homer |
definition: ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written down the Iliad and the Odyssey significance: Great Greek poet who is still read today |
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Solon |
definition: Athenian reformer of the 6th century; established laws that eased the burden of debt on farmers, forbade enslavement for debt significance: great leader of Athens, prevented rebellion |
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Perciles |
definition: led rebuilding of Athens for more than 30 years from 461BCE to 429BCE significance: Leader of the Peloponessian war |
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Philip of Macedon |
definition: father of Alexander of Macedon, unified the warring Greek city-states significance: unified Greece |
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Alexander of Macedon |
definition: also known as Alexander the Great, by 331 BCE, controlled Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia; invaded Persian homeland and burned Persepolis; crossed the Indus by 327 significance: Created Bactria which influenced India, helped diffuse Greek ideas |
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Sappho |
definition: Greek poet who wrote about human emotions, lived on island of Lesbos significance: Classic example on the male dominance in Greece |
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Socrates |
definition: philosopher who believed in an absolute right or wrong; asked students pointed questions to make them use their reason, later became Socratic method significance: influence to Plato, and as a result, Aristotle |
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Plato |
definition: considered the greatest philosopher, student of Socrates, known for his Ideas theory significance: influence to Aristotle |
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Artistotle |
definition: prominent Greek philosopher, noted for his philosophically based thoughts of "science" significance: his ideas were used in the Catholic Church for years by Thomas Aquinas |
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Euripides |
definition: writer of several tragedies involving war and its misery significance: greek playwright |
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Aristophanes |
definition: an ancient Greek dramatist remembered for his comedies significance: greek playwright |
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Minoan society |
definition: society that inhabited Crete, created an undeciphered script, fell to invaders around 1100 BCE significance: beginnings of Greece, its fall led to poleis |
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Knossos |
definition: prominent ancient town on Crete where Bronze Age culture flourished from about 2000 BC to 1400 BCE significance: "capital" of Minoan society |
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Linear A |
definition: an undeciphered writing system used in Crete in the 17th century BCE significance: showed the intuitive ability of the early Indo-Eurpoeans |
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Mycenaean society |
definition: Greek civilization created by Indo- Europeans that lasted from 1600- 1100 BCE, during which large palaces were made, wars fought, trade established; earthquakes and invaders caused it to finally collapse significance: beginnings of Greece, its fall led to the poleis |
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Linear B |
definition: the modern name for the script, composed of signs and pictures, in which Mycenaean Greeks kept records on tablets of clay significance: shows influence of the Minoans and also demonstrates how society changed through time |
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Trojan War |
definition: war (around 1200 B.C.), in which an army lead by Mycenaean kings attacked the city of Troy in Anatolia (trojan horse!) significance: part of the epic the Illiad, led to the fall of the Myceanean Society |
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Polis |
definition: general Greek city-state, including the city and the land around it significance: brought about Sparta and Athens, two influential and powerful city-states |
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Sparta |
definition: Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts significance: encourage a powerful army that influenced Greece |
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Athens |
definition: powerful city in Ancient Greece that was a leader in arts, sciences, philosophy, democracy and architecture significance: encouraged a flexible government that influenced Greece and the world |
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Persian War |
definition: conflict between Persia and Greece; Persia wanted to punish Athens for helping another city-state significance: Led to the Delian league and the fall of Athens |
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Delian League |
definition: alliance of city-states with Athens as leader, made to keep fighting Persia significance: led to the fall of Athens |
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Peloponnesian War |
definition: a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta significance: led to the fall of Athens, and in the end, Sparta |
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Macedon |
definition: ancient kingdom of Philip II and Alexander of Macedon in the southeastern Balkans significance: origin of Philip of Macedon and Alexander the Great |
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Hellenistic Age |
definition: period between the death of Alexander the Great (323 BCE) and the conquest of Egypt by Rome (30 BCE), marked by migrations to the newly conquered areas |
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Antigonid empire |
definition: the area of Macedon and Greece, the smallest of the Hellenistic empires; cities such as Athens and Corinth flourished during the Hellenistic age and cities were overpopulated significance: center of Greece, most influential |
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Ptolemaic empire |
definition: The empire in the Egyptian area after the breakup of Alexander’s empire significance: had the Megalopolis of Alexandria, many ports, helped trade |
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Seleucid empire |
definition: the largest kingdom that came of the division of Alexander’s empire significance: helped diffuse Greek culture and ideas |
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Olympic games |
definition: one of the panhellenic rituals observed by all Greek city-states; involved athletic competitions and ritual celebrations significance: helped unify the many poleis |
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Forms or Ideas |
definition: term used by Plato to refer to traits in physical objects, ex: manly, beauty, etc. significance: part of the deviation from Socrates |
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Cult of Dionysus |
definition: cult based on Dionysus, had many rituals involving orgies and drinking, later transitioned to a more civilized cult significance: one of the cults that emerged with the Greek religion |
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Stoicism |
defitinion: philosophical system of the Stoics (person who can tolerate pain) following the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno significance: philosophical ideas influence Europe |
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