AP Human Geography Chapter 13

The area of the city where retail and office activities historically were clustered was the

central business district.

European CBDs are similar to those in North America because they both contain

retail and office activities.

Retail activities which tend to concentrate in the CBD include those which have

service for office workers.

The CBD attracts offices primarily because of its

high accessibility.

Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of

competition for limited space.

As a result of high land costs, the American CBD is characterized by

construction of skyscrapers.

The Central Business District is

attractive to consumer and business services for its accessibility. less important for retail because of changing shopping habits.

What activity tends to locate on the street-level floor of a skyscraper in a typical North American CBD?

retail

A land use typically excluded from a North American CBD is

industrial.

An example of the "vertical geography" of a CBD is

a barber shop on the bottom floor of a building, an accounting firm occupying the middle floor, and a group of condos on the top floor.

The zone in transition in U.S. cities typically contains which of the following?

warehouses gentrified buildings public housing

According to the concentric zone model, a city develops in a series of

rings.

Chicago is a good location in which to develop urban models because it is located

on a flat prairie.

According to the sector model, the best housing is located in

a corridor from downtown to the edge of the city.

According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby

industries.

Social area analysis attempts to explain

the distribution of different types of people in an urban area.

The multiple nuclei theory best explains why different neighborhoods of a city attract people of different

ethnic origin.

All three models of urban structure

help explain where different types of people live in an urban area. help explain why people live where they do in cities. depend on the use of data, like that of the US Census.

Higher income people tend to live near the center of the city in all but which of the following regions?

North America

A key piece of information that marketing geographers use to create segments is

multiple nuclei maps, obtained through the use of social area analysis. socio-economic data from the census.

Ramshackle houses on the periphery of cities in less developed countries are known as

squatter settlements.

Compared to the United States, poor families in European cities are more likely to be

clustered in suburbs.

The wide boulevards built in cities in less developed countries were most likely built during what era?

colonial

When the models of urban structure developed in Chicago are applied to Rio de Janeiro, one conclusion is that

the poorest people are located in different areas.

The process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment, is

filtering.

Housing deterioration can occur when

the rent a landlord collects becomes less than the needed maintenance costs. banks engage in redlining to ensure money isn’t lent in a particular area.

A process by which banks designate an area within which they refuse to lend money for improvements is

redlining.

Public housing is

low-income government-owned housing.

Gentrification

A) stagnates the change in a city’s ethnic patterns. B) allows lower income families to remain in their homes through public subsidies. C) occurs because lower income families are no longer attracted to deteriorated housing. D) all of the above E) none of the above Answer: E

A process of converting a neighborhood from low-income to middle-class is

gentrification.

According to U.S. law, when a family is forced by a city to relocate

moving expenses and rent increases are paid by the government.

The underclass is characterized in part by high rates of

drug addiction.

U.S. inner cities face fiscal problems because

low-income people are concentrated there.

In U.S. cities, the underclass is

clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.

Compared to whites, African Americans in U.S. cities are more likely to be

clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.

To deal with the financial problems in some areas of the cities, American city governments

reduce services.

A recent change in the density gradient has been

a reduction in the differences in densities found within an urban area.

Compared to the United Kingdom, the amount of sprawl in the United States is

greater

Because so few people live in the CBD, urban areas are characterized by a high degree of

commuting

The process of legally adding land area to a city in the United States is

annexation.

The city plus its surrounding built-up suburbs is the

urbanized area.

In the United States, which of the following definitions of a city covers the largest land area?

metropolitan statistical area

Metropolitan Statistical Areas

have populations of at least 50,000.

Megalopolis refers to

adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas.

Sprawl is the

development of new housing sites not contiguous to the existing built-up area.

British cities are surrounded by open space known as

greenbelts.

Public transportation is better suited for commuting to the CBD primarily because

each traveler takes up less space.

A council of government

A) can include consolidations of city and county government and federations. B) is used for planning that various local governments cannot logically do.

The purpose of busing in many U.S. suburbs is to

promote racially integrated schools.

The corridor that stretches from Boston to Washington DC, called Megalopolis

was named by geographer Jean Gottmann.

A legal form of segregation in U.S. cities is achieved through

zoning.

People are attracted to suburbs in part because suburbs are characterized by

private land surrounding the house.

The largest percentage of the U.S. population lives in

suburbs.

The density gradient

A) usually shows a diminishing number of houses per unit of land as the distance from the city center increases. B) shows a gap in center cities due to the changing pattern of where people live in recent years C) now shows a reduction in the extremes of density between inner and outer areas found within cities.

The largest number of trips are made for

work.

Public transportation

declined from 23 billion trips per year in 1940 to 10 billion in 2006

The U.S. government has encouraged the use of cars in part by

building interstate highways.

Compared to the private automobile, public transportation offers more

energy efficiency.

The major exception to the decline in public transit is (the)

rapid transit.

Public transit is more extensive in Western European cities than in the United States primarily because

European governments subsidize public transit.

In recent years, urban residents are more likely to shop in

suburban malls.

The attractions of shopping malls include all but which of the following?

walking distance from homes

Factories have moved to suburban locations in part because of

access to main highways.

Some employees of suburban businesses may suffer hardships because they do not

own automobiles.

In the United States, a city plus its surrounding built-up suburbs is known as ________.

an urbanized area