|
Civil liberties are __________ that the government cannot take
away.
a. property rights
b. personal freedoms
c. business rights
d. recognitions of equality
e. religious freedoms
|
b. personal freedoms
|
|
The Bill of Rights is made up of the first __________ amendments
to the U.S. Constitution.
a. three
b. five
c. seven
d. ten
e. twelve
|
d. ten
|
|
Which clause prevents the national government from sanctioning an
official religion?
a. establishment
b. free exercise
c. full faith and credit
d. equal protection
e. due process
|
a. establishment
|
|
Which rule bars the use of illegally seized evidence at trial?
a. double jeopardy
b. right to pay
c. prior restraint
d. exclusionary
e. hate speech
|
d. exclusionary
|
|
Which U.S. Supreme Court case found that a woman’s right to
have an abortion is protected by the implied constitutional right to
privacy?
a. Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey
b. Lawrence v. Texas
c. Miranda v. Arizona
d. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
e. Roe v. Wade
|
e. Roe v. Wade
|
|
In Roth v. U.S., the U.S. Supreme Court held that material must
be utterly without social importance in order to be considered _
_________.
a. illegal
b. obscene
c. hate speech
d. fighting words
e. a prior restraint
|
b. obscene
|
|
Selective incorporation makes the protections from the Bill of
Rights applicable to the states through which of the following
amendments?
a. Fourth
b. Fifth
c. Sixth
d. Tenth
e. Fourteenth
|
e. Fourteenth
|
|
Article I of the Constitution prohibits which of the following,
which make an act punishable as a crime even if the act was legal
when it was committed?
a. writs of habeas corpus
b. bills of attainder
c. ex post facto laws
d. procedural guarantees
e. prior restraints
|
c. ex post facto laws
|
|
A false written statement is __________; the same statement
spoken aloud is __________.
a. defamation, slander
b. slander, libel
c. libel, defamation
d. libel, slander
e. slander, defamation
|
d. libel, slander
|
|
Which amendment protects the right to bear arms?
a. First
b. Second
c. Third
d. Fourth
e. Fifth
|
b. Second
|
|
The Constitution protects against search of an individual’s person,
home, or vehicle without __________.
a. due process
b. permission
c. a warrant
d. compensation
e. a good reason
|
c. a warrant
|
|
What does the Sixth Amendment guarantee to those accused of a
crime?
a. assistance of counsel
b. access to law books
c. a jury trial
d. assistance by the press
e. a written indictment
|
a assistance of counsel
|
|
Today, the United States is the only western country to use which
of the following to punish crime?
a. prison system
b. juvenile justice system
c. Eighth Amendment
d. death penalty
e. corporal punishment
|
d. death penalty
|
|
What did Abington School District v. Schempp find to be
unconstitutional?
a. state-mandated Bible reading
b. forced sterilization
c. segregated education
d. discrimination against homosexuals
e. imprisonment without a trial
|
a. state-mandated Bible reading
|
|
The free exercise clause guarantees that the national government
will not interfere with which of the following?
a. education
b. finance
c. business
d. speech
e. religion
|
e. religion
|
|
Profanity, obscenity, and threats are examples of which of the
following?
a. hate speech
b. prior restraints
c. fighting words
d. free speech
e. free exercise
|
c. fighting words
|
|
According to Table 4.1, How Has Selective Incorporation Made
the Bill of Rights Applicable to the States?, which of the
constitutional amendments was the first to be incorporated and
applied to the states?
a. Fourth
b. Fifth
c. First
d. Second
e. Eighth
|
c. First
|
|
Which of the following generally is unconstitutional in school?
a. fighting
b. a weapon
c. free speech
d. prayer
e. punishment
|
d. prayer
|
|
In 2004, the Supreme Court ruled that detainees have a right to
which of the following?
a. due process
b. the assistance of counsel
c. equal protection
d. habeas corpus
e. a bill of attainder
|
a. an absolute right
|
|
In 2004, the Supreme Court ruled that detainees have a right to
which of the following?
a. due process
b. the assistance of counsel
c. equal protection
d. habeas corpus
e. a bill of attainder
|
d. habeas corpus
|
|
The doctrine of prior restraint prevents the government from
prohibiting speech or publication __________.
a. that is obscene
b. after the fact
c. that is illegal
d. that is critical of the government
e. before the fact
|
e. before the fact
|
|
In Near v. Minnesota, the Supreme Court further developed
which of the following?
a. exclusionary rule
b. due process clause
c. incorporation doctrine
d. free exercise clause
e. equal protection clause
|
c. incorporation doctrine
|
|
Which test examines the constitutionality of religious
establishments?
a. Orange
b. Lemon
c. Free Exercise
d. Prior Restraint
e. Due Process
|
b. Lemon
|
|
Miranda rights include the right to which of the following?
a. a phone call
b. due process
c. a jury trial
d. be free from search and seizure
e. counsel
|
e. counsel
|
|
The USA PATRIOT Act enhances the government’s ability to do
which of the following?
a. examine private records
b. take personal property
c. imprison citizens without trial
d. indict foreign enemies
e. control public schooling
|
a. examine private records
|
|
Which Supreme Court case developed the exclusionary rule?
a. Parker v. Gideon
b. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
c. Mapp v. Ohio
d. Wolf v. Colorado
e. Gideon v. Wainwright
|
c. Mapp v. Ohio
|
|
The Supreme Court has ruled that states can limit abortions if the
regulations do not pose which of the following?
a. a bar to equal protection
b. a due process violation
c. a prior restraint
d. an undue burden
e. a substantial inconvenience
|
d. an undue burden
|
|
The Supreme Court briefly outlawed which of the following in the
1970s by asserting that it was being imposed in an arbitrary manner?
a. capital punishment
b. school prayer
c. access to court-appointed counsel
d. symbolic speech protection
e. the exclusionary rule
|
a. capital punishment
|
|
What kind of speech is by its very utterance intended to inflict
injury or incite an immediate breach of peace?
a. hate speech
b. symbolic speech
c. political speech
d. fighting words
e. obscenity
|
d. fighting words
|
|
What type of due process protects citizens from arbitrary or unjust
state or federal laws?
a. procedural
b. constitutional
c. substantive
d. individual
e. prospective
|
c. substantive
|
|
The Supreme Court has used selective incorporation to __________
the rights of states.
a. protect
b. limit
c. expand
d. define
e. enforce
|
b. limit
|
|
The Sixth Amendment sets out basic requirements for which type of
due process?
a. civil
b. substantive
c. criminal
d. procedural
e. constitutional
|
d. procedural
|
|
In matters of religion, the free exercise clause protects individuals
from which of the following?
a. discrimination
b. persecution
c. governmental intrusion
d. segregation
e. dissenting opinions
|
c. governmental intrusion
|
|
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan held that there must be proof of
which of the following in order to find libel against a public
figure?
a. property loss
b. actual malice
c. an audience
d. a written record
e. actual harm
|
b. actual malice
|
|
In which case did the Supreme Court first recognize the
exclusionary rule, which bars the use of illegally seized evidence at
trial?
a. Weeks v. U.S.
b. Gideon v. Wainwright
c. Furman v. Georgia
d. House v. Bell
e. Griswold v. Connecticut
|
a. Weeks v. US
|
|
In what year did the Supreme Court first rule that the use of
confessions obtained after physical beatings were unconstitutional?
a. 1906
b. 1976
c. 1946
d. 1936
e. 1956
|
d. 1936
|
|
Which Supreme Court case upheld the National Firearms Act,
which imposed taxes on some kinds of weapons?
a. U.S. v. Miller
b. Gideon v. Wainwright
c. Miranda v. Arizona
d. Mapp v. Ohio
e. Griswold v. Connecticut
|
a. US v. Miller
|
|
The USA PATRIOT Act expands an exception found in which
amendment to allow spying?
a. First
b. Second
c. Fourth
d. Fifth
e. Sixth
|
c. Fourth
|
|
The "right to remain silent" is a citizen’s protection against which
of the following?
a. governmental intrusion
b. search and seizure
c. religious establishment
d. a biased jury
e. self-incrimination
|
e. self-incrimination
|
|
If a police officer has a reasonable belief that someone is
committing or about to commit a crime, that officer can stop and
frisk the suspect without __________.
a. their consent
b. arresting them
c. a warrant
d. a witness
e. evidence
|
c. a warrant
|
|
The double jeopardy clause prevents an individual who is acquitted
of a crime from which of the following?
a. media coverage
b. being tried again
c. going free
d. asserting innocence
e. seeking the assistance of an attorney
|
b. being tried again
|
|
Which of the following is an example of procedural due process?
a. the right to bear arms
b. the right to a speedy trial
c. the right to free speech
d. the right to practice religion
e. the right to vote
|
b. the right to a speedy trial
|
|
The prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment comes from
which of the following?
a. Native American principles
b. French civil law
c. English common law
d. German criminal codes
e. Spanish jurisprudence
|
c. English common law
|
|
Which of the following created the right to privacy?
a. the Bill of Rights
b. the Constitution
c. the executive branch
d. the legislature
|
e. the judiciary
|
|
In Barron v. Baltimore, the Supreme Court held that the Bill of
Rights limits __________, not __________, action.
a. federal, state
b. state, federal
c. state, local
d. local, state
e. federal, local
|
a. federal, state
|
|
Shouting profanities in public is an example of __________,
which is not protected speech.
a. hate speech
b. fighting words
c. obscenity
d. libel
e. slander
|
b. fighting words
|
|
In recent years, the Supreme Court has struggled to address ______
____ on the Internet in a First Amendment context.
a. slander
b. libel
c. hate speech
d. obscenity
e. fighting words
|
d. obscenity
|
|
What is the most common form of firearm regulation?
a. gun bans
b. licensing requirements
c. concealed carry restrictions
d. right to carry
e. handgun waiting periods
|
c. concealed carry restrictions
|
|
Convicted criminals whose sentences increase during their prison
term due to a change in the law have been illegally subjected to
what kind of law?
a. cruel and unusual
b. habeas corpus
c. ex post facto
d. bill of attainder
e. writ of certiorari
|
c. ex post facto
|
|
Which of the following is responsible for determining whether
enough evidence exists to support a conviction against a criminal
defendant?
a. trial court
b. defense attorney
c. prosecutor
d. legislature
e. jury
|
e. jury
|
|
Substantive due process created a standard whereby the states had a
legal burden to prove that their laws were which of the following?
a. a valid exercise of power
b. fairly applied to all citizens
c. consistent with the First Amendment
d. consistent with federal r
|
a. a valid exercise of power
|
|
What do proponents of the Guantanamo Bay detention facility call
its prisoners?
a. war criminals
b. enemy combatants
c. prisoners of war
d. foreign aggressors
e. enemy troops
|
b. enemy combatants
|
|
Although the speech in question was suppressed, the Court in Gitlow v. New York held that not all forms of __________ can be limited.
a. hate speech
b. symbolic speech
c. political speech
d. fighting words
e. obscenity
|
c. political speech
|
|
Which of the following best explains the rationale for the selective
incorporation of freedom of assembly?
a. It is included in the Bill of Rights.
b. The framers intended for the state and federal governments to
respect this right.
c. It is a fundamental freedom essential to order, liberty, and
justice.
d. The text of the First Amendment specifically references the
states.
e. It is one of the implicit rights reserved to the people by the
Ninth Amendment.
|
c. It is a fundamental freedom essential to order, liberty, and justice.
|
|
Which of the following rights has the Supreme Court found to be
one of the penumbra of unstated liberties linked to explicitly stated
rights?
a. right to marry
b. right to travel
c. right to vote
d. right to privacy
e. right to have a family
|
d. the right to privacy
|
|
Which of the following could pass muster and not be considered
obscenity under the Roth test?
a. child pornography
b. nude images
c. film
d. hardcore pornography
e. profane language
|
e. profane language
|
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts are an example of what kind of law?
a. violation of free speech
b. prior restraint
c. content-based
d. civil
e. criminal
|
b prior restraint
|
|
During World War I, the Supreme Court upheld the Espionage Act
by ruling that Congress has a right to restrict speech that ________.
is critical of the government
b. is a prior restraint
c. creates a clear and present danger
d. qualifies as hate speech
e. is symbolic but obscene
|
c. creates a clear and present danger
|
|
The Military Commission Act of 2006 allows the government to jail
detainees without an opportunity to file which of the following?
a. an appeal
b. a writ of habeas corpus
c. a bill of attainder
d. a motion for summary judgment
e. a jury demand
|
b. writ of habeas corpus
|
|
Which of the following emanates from a "penumbra" and not an
explicitly stated constitutional right?
a. the right of parents to direct the education of their children
b. the free speech rights of children at school
c. the prohibition on school prayer in public schools
d. the right of religious schools to be free from state taxes
e. the right of children to have a lawyer at juvenile court
proceedings
|
a. the right of parents to direct the education of their children
|
|
The Thirteenth Amendment bans slavery. When was it passed?
a. when the South seceded from the Union
b. during the Civil War
c. immediately after the Civil War
d. immediately after Reconstruction
e. during the civil rights movement
|
c. immediately after the Civil War
|
|
The Fourteenth Amendment attempted to guarantee which of the
following to former slaves?
a. forty acres of farmland and a mule
b. free university education
c. economic equality with whites
d. citizenship rights
e. debt forgiveness
|
d. citizenship rights
|
|
The provision of the Fourteenth Amendment that prohibits any state
from denying "any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection
of the laws" is known as the __________ clause.
a. due process
b. jurisdiction
c. grandfather
d. equal protection
e. privileges and immunities
|
d. equal protection
|
|
The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees citizens the right to vote
regardless of __________.
a. race
b. gender
c. age
d. property ownership
e. involvement in insurrection
|
a. race
|
|
What was the objective of the women’s suffrage movement?
a. the right to an abortion
b. the right to own property
c. equal pay for equal worth
d. the right to vote
e. broad gender equality
|
d. the right to vote
|
|
In spite of the Equal Pay Act of 1963, women in the early twentyfirst
century still earn less than men, which led President Barack
Obama to sign which of the following?
a. the Elizabeth Cady Stanton Act
b. Title IX
c. the Susan B. Anthony Act
d. the Civil Rights Act of 2009
e. the Lilly Ledbetter Act
|
e. the Lilly Ledbetter Act
|
|
Which of these does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban?
a. poll taxes and grandfather clauses
b. discrimination in public accommodations
c. integration in public transportation
d. discrimination based on sexual orientation
e. nonviolent direct action
|
b. discrimination in public accommodations
|
|
In the first civil rights movement, the abolitionist movement and the early women’s movement were tied together. When did this movement take place?
a. in the Progressive era
b. during the Civil War
c. during Reconstruction
d. in the early 1800s
e. in the early 1900s
|
d. in the early 1800s
|
|
What was the primary focus at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention
for activists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and
Lucretia Mott?
a. the prohibition of alcohol
b. women’s rights
c. rights for former slaves
d. ending the Civil War
e. the New Deal
|
b. women’s rights
|
|
What did Jim Crow laws mandate?
a. voting rights
b. racial segregation
c. poll taxes
d. grandfather clauses
e. Black Codes
|
b. racial discrimination
|
|
Which of the following led President Abraham Lincoln to describe
the author as "the little woman who started the big war" because of
the effect the book had on changing public opinion?
a. Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique
b. Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s The Seneca Falls Convention
c. Lucretia Mott’s The World Anti-Slavery Society
d. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
e. Susan B. Anthony’s The Story of American Women’s
Suffrage
|
d. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
|
|
What precipitated the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
a. the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.’s "I Have A Dream"
speech
b. the Greensboro, N.C., lunch counter sit-in
c. the arrest of Rosa Parks in Montgomery, Ala.
d. the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson
e. the assassination of the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.
|
c. the arrest of Rosa Parks in Montgomery, Ala.
|
|
Women were guaranteed the right to vote by __________.
a. Korematsu v. United States
b. Reed v. Reed
c. the Nineteenth Amendment
d. the 1964 Civil Rights Act
e. the 1965 Voting Rights Act
|
c. the Nineteenth Amendment
|
|
What were Black Codes?
a. segregation laws that discriminated in housing
b. laws that denied rights to African Americans
c. laws requiring a poll tax or literacy test to vote
d. proposed racial quota affirmative action programs
e. unwritten norms of discrimination in the South
|
d. proposed racial quota affirmative action programs
|
|
In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), the
Supreme Court determined that __________ were
unconstitutional.
a. poll taxes
b. grandfather clauses
c. all forms of affirmative action
d. Jim Crow laws
e. racial quotas
|
e. racial quotas
|
|
Rosa Parks was arrested for challenging which of the following?
a. poll taxes
b. grandfather clauses
c. Jim Crow laws
d. slavery
e. integration
|
c. Jim Crow laws
|
|
According to the "Take a Closer Look" feature box, which of
the following books helped inspire abolitionists?
a. Grapes of Wrath
b. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
c. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
d. Wick Wo Hopkins
e. Enough Is Enough
|
b. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
|
|
What is the current legal status of American Indian tribes?
a. They are sovereign nations.
b. They have a status similar to states.
c. They have a status similar to counties.
d. They have a status similar to towns or townships.
e. They have a status similar to incorporated businesses
|
a. They are sovereign nations.
|
|
What did the Supreme Court determine was unconstitutional in
Brown v. Board of Education?
a. integrated schools
b. poll taxes
c. segregation of schools
d. unequal school funding
e. school busing
|
c. segregation of schools
|
|
The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. insisted that civil
disobedience aimed at ending discrimination in the South should be
conducted __________.
a. in accordance with the law
b. nonviolently
c. secretly
d. anonymously
e. with all deliberative speed
|
b. nonviolently
|
|
What provision of the Fourteenth Amendment serves as a cornerstone of our understanding of civil rights?
a. the all men are created equal clause
b. the equal protection clause
c. the privileges and immunities clause
d. the Equal Rights Amendment
e. the grandfather clause
|
b. the equal protection clause
|
|
To what extent were the civil rights of African Americans protected after the Civil War?
a. Their civil rights increased in the immediate aftermath of the
Civil War and have continued to increase steadily ever since.
b. There were no attempts to protect the civil rights of African
Americans until Reconstruction ended.
c. The civil rights of southern African Americans were
considerably greater than their northern counterparts.
d. It was two decades after the Civil War before African
Americans had civil rights that were comparable to those of
whites.
e. Attempts to protect the civil rights of African Americans after the Civil War were largely unsuccessful for decades.
|
e. Attempts to protect the civil rights of African Americans after the Civil War were largely unsuccessful for decades.
|
|
What did the Supreme Court decide in Korematsu v. United
States (1944) regarding the internment of those with Japanese
ancestry living in the United States?
a. It was permissible because the United States was at war with Japan.
b. It was permissible because it only applied to noncitizens.
c. It did not pass the strict scrutiny test, and the internment was
promptly terminated.
d. It was unconstitutional, but it was too late to do anything
about it.
e. It was unconstitutional, and Japanese-Americans must be duly
compensated.
|
a. It was permissible because the United States was at war with Japan.
|
|
What strategy did the National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP) use most effectively to advance civil
rights for African Americans?
a. boycotts
b. protests
c. litigation
d. nonviolent direct action
e. marches and rallies
|
c. litigation
|
|
What was the basis for the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v.
Ferguson (1896) that upheld the constitutionality of a state law
requiring segregated railroad facilities?
a. Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because
they did not immigrate to the United States willingly.
b. Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because
they were considered property under the law.
c. The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only
mandates equal protection under the law.
d. Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce, which
is regulated by Congress; there is no provision in federal law
that prohibits segregation.
e. Each state has the right to interpret the Constitution as it sees
fit, as long as the interpretation is "reasonable and without
malice."
|
c.The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law.
|
|
The Supreme Court’s decision in Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
primarily enhanced the civil liberties of __________.
a. African Americans
b. Asians
c. American Indians
d. gays and lesbians
e. disabled Americans
|
d.gays and lesbians
|
|
What were the Black Codes passed by many of the former
Confederate states designed to do?
a. segregate blacks and whites
b. deny legal rights, such as voting and sitting on juries, to
newly freed slaves
c. keep newly freed slaves from being hired for work, so they
would have to remain slaves
d. deny newly freed slaves the right to attend church
e. separate slave families from each other, making it easier to
keep blacks in servitude
|
b.deny legal rights, such as voting and sitting on juries, to newly freed slaves
|
|
What was the Supreme Court’s rationale in the Civil Rights Cases (1883) for why Congress could not prohibit discrimination in public
accommodations?
a. Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they
involve interstate commerce.
b. Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they
tend to be owned by private individuals.
c. Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because it
lacks the authority to spend money without the permission of
the states.
d. Congress cannot prohibit discrimination because doing so
violates the First Amendment right to freedom of speech.
e. Congress cannot prohibit discrimination because there was
insufficient evidence that discrimination exists.
|
b.Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they tend to be owned by private individuals.
|
|
What is the source of de facto segregation and discrimination?
a. practice
b. law
c. the Constitution
d. Congress
e. affirmative action
|
a.practice
|
|
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the "Don’t
Ask, Don’t Tell" policy?
a. Barack Obama initiated the policy as a goodwill gesture to the
gay and lesbian community.
b. It prevented gays and lesbians from serving in the military.
c. It required gay and lesbian soldiers to keep quiet about their
sexual orientation.
d. It prevented the military from discharging gay and lesbian
soldiers.
e. It prohibited gay and heterosexual soldiers from discussing
their sexual activity.
|
c.It required gay and lesbian soldiers to keep quiet about their sexual orientation.
|
|
Which of the following represents the critiques given by opponents
of the Equal Rights Amendment in the 1970s?
a. It would affirm Roe v. Wade, make women eligible for the
draft, and put women at financial risk.
b. The Declaration of Independence says men are created equal,
and that does not apply to women.
c. It would invalidate protective legislation and destroy the family.
d. Equality of results is more important than equality of actions.
e. It would revoke Muller v. Oregon, make women vulnerable
to exploitation, and leave children without care.
|
a.It would affirm Roe v. Wade, make women eligible for the draft, and put women at financial risk.
|
|
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is most likely to fight to reduce which of the following?
a. racism
b. affirmative action
c. sexism
d. sodomy
e. job training programs
|
a. racism
|
|
Under the Court’s review standards shown in Table 5.1, a law that
classifies people according to __________ will be given strict
scrutiny by the Supreme Court to determine its constitutionality.
a. race
b. age
c. disability
d. gender
e. sexual orientation
|
a. race
|
|
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was designed to overturn which of the
following?
a. integration
b. Jim Crow laws
c. nonviolent direct action
d. the Fifteenth Amendment
e. Reconstruction
|
b. Jim Crow laws
|
|
Which of the following dissuaded states from ratifying the Equal
Rights Amendment?
a. Roe v. Wade
b. the National Organization for Women
c. The Feminine Mystique
d. the strict scrutiny standard
e. HIV/AIDS
|
a. Roe v. Wade
|
|
What was the main purpose for the March on Washington?
a. to urge Congress to adopt an antidiscrimination legislative
agenda
b. to urge the Supreme Court to overturn the separate-but-equal
doctrine
c. to urge John F. Kennedy to repudiate the actions of the
freedom riders
d. to urge African Americans to reelect John F. Kennedy
e. to urge Congress to eliminate de facto segregation
|
a. to urge Congress to adopt an antidiscrimination legislative
|
|
If a group of people were systematically discriminated against inthe
past, which of the following would constitute an affirmative action policy designed as a remedy to help the members of this group overcome the legacy of discrimination?
a. a hiring policy that favors those with relatives working in government
b. a college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group
c. a color-blind job application process to give members of this
group an equal chance
d. a policy that gives extra weight to votes cast by members of the
group
e. requiring all applicants for government jobs to have at least
two years of prior experience
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b. a college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group
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Which of the following accommodations would an employer most
likely have to make to be in compliance with the Americans with
Disabilities Act?
a. hiring a disabled person instead of an equally qualified person
without a disability
b. providing better medical insurance for employees who have a
disability
c. lowering expectations for the quality of work performed by
employees with disabilities
d. ensuring that employees who use a wheelchair have jobs that
shield them from public contact
e. installing a ramp and other physical accommodations for
someone who uses a wheelchair.
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e.installing a ramp and other physical accommodations for someone who uses a wheelchair
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According to the Supreme Court’s decisions in the Civil Rights Cases (1883), in which of the following areas could Congress
prohibit discrimination against African Americans?
a. theaters
b. hotels
c. railroads
d. private homes
e. post offices
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e. post offices
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For which of the following would the Supreme Court most likely apply an intermediate standard of review to determine whether the policy is an unconstitutional violation of the equal protection clause?
a. preventing whites from attending schools designed to serve
African American students
b. prohibiting those over seventy years old from working in law
enforcement
c. prohibiting gays and lesbians from serving in the military
d. requiring government contractors to have a racially diverse
workforce
e. having different minimum ages for men and women to marry
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e. having different minimum ages for men and women to marry
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Of the following people, who could serve in the military under the
"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell" policy?
a. all gays and lesbians
b. gays but not lesbians
c. lesbians but not gays
d. only those who were straight
e. closeted gays and lesbians
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e.closeted gays and lesbians
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. Which of the following strategies for expanding civil rights would
the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. have been most likely to
support?
a. sabotaging the electricity supply to the homes of segregationist
leaders
b. intimidating elderly whites to discourage them from supporting
Jim Crow laws
c. boycotting stores that enforced segregationist policies
d. boycotting elections to underscore the problem of African
American disenfranchisement
e. vandalizing government buildings that housed segregationist
politicians
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c.boycotting stores that enforced segregationist policies
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Which of the following is an example of de jure segregation?
a. Jim Crow laws
b. the tendency for churches to be racially homogeneous
c. the small number of African American senators
d. sequestering the jury in order to ensure a fair trial
e. Title IX legislation
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a.Jim Crow laws
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Which of the following affirmative action programs would be a
clear violation of the Supreme Court’s decision in Regents of the
University of California v. Bakke (1978)?
a. considering race as a factor in university admissions decisions
b. considering how an applicant would contribute to the diversity
of the university
c. considering applicants’ academic and extracurricular
achievements
d. admitting some minority applicants with lower academic
achievement than some rejected white applicants
e. setting aside a certain percentage of admissions slots for
African American students
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e.setting aside a certain percentage of admissions slots for African American students
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Which of the following laws would be the most likely to draw strict
scrutiny from the Supreme Court when determining its
constitutionality?
a. Male and female student athletes cannot compete on the same
basketball team at the university level.
b. Businesses cannot discriminate against gays and lesbians in
hiring and promotion decisions.
c. Those without a college degree are not eligible for upper-level
civil service jobs.
d. African Americans and whites must be given equal access to
the public school system, including extracurricular activities.
e. Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is
a racial minority whenever at least 10 percent of the bidders
are minority-owned businesses.
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e.Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is a racial minority
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Which of the following situations would most likely be a violation
of Title IX?
a. an election jurisdiction that does not provide bilingual ballots
when there is a large bilingual community
b. a legal prohibition on hiring women for positions that are
known to be hazardous to women’s reproductive health
c. a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for
men than for women
d. job applications that are not made accessible to the blind
e. an employer who systematically pays women less than men for
doing comparable work
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c.a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women
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If you thought you were getting an inferior public education
because of your ethnicity, which part of the Constitution would you
rely on most heavily to justify your case?
a. the First Amendment
b. the Thirteenth Amendment
c. the Fourteenth Amendment
d. the Nineteenth Amendment
e. the Equal Rights Amendment
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c.the Fourteenth Amendment
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If you were a poor, illiterate, white farmer, which of the following
would help ensure your ability to vote in the South after the Civil
War?
a. poll taxes
b. literacy tests
c. boycotts
d. protests
e. grandfather clauses
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e.grandfather clauses
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In the first major civil rights case addressed by the U.S.
Supreme Court, Dred Scott v. Sandford, which of the following
best describes the issues at stake?
a. the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise and whether
slaves were U.S. citizens
b. whether Missouri could remain part of the union and whether
women could bring suits in federal court
c. the constitutionality of the Emancipation Proclamation and
whether slaves were U.S. citizens
d. whether women were U.S. citizens who should be allowed to
vote and whether slavery in Missouri was legal
e. the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise and whether
Missouri could remain a part of the union
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a.the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise and whether slaves were U.S. citizens
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How has the Equal Rights Amendment affected women’s civil
rights?
a. It has ensured that men and women are treated equally in the
workplace.
b. It has ensured that the courts evaluate gender discrimination
using the strict scrutiny test.
c. It has eliminated gender discrimination in the military.
d. It solidified the civil rights women had earlier won through
legal victories.
e. It has had little effect because it was not formally adopted.
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e.It has had little effect because it was not formally adopted.
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What is the status of affirmative action in college admissions
after the Supreme Court decisions in the two cases involving the
University of Michigan, Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) and Grutter v.
Bollinger (2003)?
a. Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they
cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.
b. Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional
unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote
racial tolerance.
c. Affirmative action policies are assumed to be constitutional
unless an applicant can demonstrate that race affected the
admissions decision.
d. Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and
ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the
population of the nation as a whole.
e. All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because
they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color
of their skin.
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a.Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.
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Which of the following accurately states how the Supreme
Court clarified the scope of the Thirteenth Amendment in The
Slaughterhouse Cases in 1873?
a. This amendment abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude
throughout the United States.
b. Groups other than newly freed slaves, such as Hispanics and
Asian Americans, are not covered by the amendment.
c. All former Confederate states must ratify the Thirteenth
Amendment as a condition for readmission to the union.
d. Newly freed slaves who are vagrant may be fined for vagrancy
and hired out to employers to satisfy their fines, as this does
not constitute involuntary servitude.
e. Groups other than newly freed slaves, such as Hispanics and
Asian Americans, are also covered by the amendment.
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e.Groups other than newly freed slaves, such as Hispanics and Asian Americans, are also covered by the amendment.
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Why did southern states enact poll taxes?
a. to raise revenue for the government
b. to ensure that only people who really want to vote would do so
c. to get around the Fifteenth Amendment
d. to enfranchise former slaves
e. because literacy is necessary for democracy to function
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c.to get around the Fifteenth Amendment
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. Why did Congress pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
a. in order to facilitate the prosecution of those who had restricted
the voting rights of African Americans
b. because it was clear that the South had no intention of living up
to the spirit of the Fifteenth Amendment
c. because Congress was afraid the Reverend Martin Luther King
Jr. would lead a boycott of white businesses if the legislation
was not passed
d. to prevent the race riots from spreading from African
American neighborhoods into traditionally white
neighborhoods
e. the Supreme Court had determined that only the national
government could regulate elections
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b.because it was clear that the South had no intention of living up to the spirit of the Fifteenth Amendmen
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How are the Fourteenth Amendment and the Civil Rights Act of 19
64 similar?
a. They both were enacted quickly and easily.
b. They both passed the strict scrutiny test administered by the
Supreme Court.
c. They were both based on Congress’s power to regulate
interstate commerce.
d. They both sought equal rights for women.
e. They both sought equal rights for African Americans.
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e.They both sought equal rights for African Americans.
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How do the rational basis and the intermediate standard of review
differ?
a. The rational basis standard requires an important
governmental objective for classification; the intermediate
standard requires the classification to be necessary.
b. The rational basis standard applies only to racial classifications;
the intermediate standard applies to gender and sexual
orientation classifications.
c. The intermediate standard of review is applied to a broader
array of classifications than the rational basis standard.
d. It is easier for the government to demonstrate that there is a
rational basis for a law than to meet the requirements of the
intermediate standard.
e. Those who dislike a law will have an easier time getting it
overturned if the Supreme Court applies the intermediate
standard instead of the rational basis test.
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d.It is easier for the government to demonstrate that there is a rational basis for a law than to meet the requirements of the intermediate standard.
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What was the Supreme Court’s justification for overturning the
separate-but-equal doctrine?
a. The Supreme Court did not have all of the facts when it
adopted the separate-but-equal doctrine.
b. The separate-but-equal doctrine was never intended to apply to
people.
c. The quality of life for African Americans in the South had
deteriorated considerably since the adoption of the separate-butequal
doctrine.
d. The Supreme Court needed to step in because the South
had been unwilling to segregate educational facilities as
required by Plessy v. Ferguson.
e. Segregated schools stigmatize minority children and are
inherently unequal.
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e.Segregated schools stigmatize minority children and are inherently unequal.
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Which of the following arguments would most likely be made by an
opponent of affirmative action policies?
a. Affirmative action helps to compensate for past discrimination.
b. Discrimination is a natural part of the human experience.
c. Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race.
d. Diversity helps Americans better understand each other.
e. Unaddressed past discrimination causes perpetual inequality.
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c.Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race.
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In what types of cases has Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
helped women achieve key victories?
a. sexual harassment, inclusion, and affirmative action
b. right to control reproductive health and right to abortion
c. affirmative action and inclusion in areas of education, work,
and social clubs
d. right to marry interracially and to control reproductive health
e. sexual harassment, domestic violence, and rape
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a.sexual harassment, inclusion, and affirmative action
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Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unsuccessful?
a. The states of the former Confederacy did not abide by any of
the laws passed by Congress prior to 1894.
b. Congress did not have the authority to enact legislation in the
South during the Civil War.
c. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was only concerned with
discrimination on the basis of age.
d. The Supreme Court said that private citizens could chose not to
provide public accommodations on account of race.
e. The Supreme Court said that governments could chose not to
provide public accommodations on account of race.
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d.The Supreme Court said that private citizens could chose not to provide public accommodations on account of race.
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