Which of the following organizations is not an ideological group? |
PIRG |
Grass roots lobbying is based on the assumption that officials will respond to |
pressure from constituents. |
A set of lobbyists, legislators, policy experts, and executives who come together temporarily in debate over a complex policy issue is |
an issue network. |
The citizens of _____ are most actively involved in interest groups and community causes. |
the United States |
According to Theodore Lowi’s theory of interest-group liberalism, the effect of groups on policy |
(All of the above) -constitutes a partial and wrongful abdication by government of its authority over policy. -results in a system of rule by minorities rather than by a majority. -results in an inefficient use of society’s resources. -results in both a system of rule by minorities rather than by a majority, and an inefficient use of society’s resources. |
The largest citizens’ group, with over thirty million members, is |
the AARP. |
About _____ percent of people who regularly listen to National Public Radio do not donate money to their local station. |
90 |
Effective inside lobbying is based upon |
providing useful and persuasive information to key officials. |
James Madison’s solution to the problem of factions (special interests) has, in the modern policy process, actually contributed to the problem by |
resulting in a fragmentation of authority among policymakers, and thereby providing groups more opportunities to get their way. |
Another name for an interest group is |
a faction. |
Which of the following statements would not be accepted by supporters of the pluralist view of interest groups? |
The opinion of the majority should always prevail in a policy dispute over the opinion of a more intense and directly affected minority. |
Economic groups have an advantage over non-economic groups because |
they have greater access to financial resources. |
Ideological groups are distinct from single issue groups in |
the number of issues with which they are concerned. |
The support of _____ was critical to passage of a controversial prescription drug program for the elderly in 2003. |
the AARP |
Interest group activity is basic to the democratic process because it |
serves to promote the concerns of various interests in society. |
The largest number of PACs are those associated with |
business |
The situation where individuals are tempted not to contribute to a cause because they will get the benefits even if they do not participate is called |
the free-rider problem. |
A basic reason for the existence of so many interest groups in the United States is |
(all these answers are correct) -the American tradition of free association. -the extent of diverse interests in American society. -America’s federal system of government. -both the American tradition of free association and America’s federal system of government. |
James Madison argued |
for regulation of interests through a governing system of checks and balances. |
Today, the largest labor unions are those that represent |
service and public employees. |
The air we breathe is an example of a |
collective good and public good. |
An interest group that focuses on policy benefits for senior citizens would be an example of a(n) |
single issue group. |
In acknowledging the dilemma inherent in group activity, James Madison |
worried that government would be overly dominated by groups, but recognized that a free society is obliged to permit the advocacy of self-interest. |
Public interest groups are distinguished by the fact that |
their members receive no direct economic benefit from attainment of the group’s goals. |
Members of the _____ generate more mail to Congress than any other group. |
AARP |
According to E. E. Schattschneider, the interest group system has |
a strong upper-class bias. |
A main difference between iron triangles and issue networks is |
issue networks are generally less stable than iron triangles, such that the members of an issue network may change as the issue develops. |
In order to overcome the free-rider problem, non-economic groups have |
used internet resources and computer-assisted mailing lists to target potential donors. |
In recent decades, lobbyists in Washington, D.C. have increasingly |
targeted the executive branch in their efforts to influence policy decisions. |
The influence of interest groups through the courts occurs through |
both initiating lawsuits and lobbying for certain judges to be appointed to the bench. |
_____ wrote that "Liberty is to faction what air is to fire." |
James Madison |
The theory that nearly all interests are adequately presented through group activity is |
pluralism |
State and local governments |
lobby in Washington, D.C., most effectively through organizations representing groups of states and localities. |
A pluralist could be expected to argue that |
the sum of people’s separate interests is nearly the equivalent of the collective public interest. |
The group system politically favors those interests that |
are already favored by the economic system. |
By definition, the interest-group system consists of all interests that are _____ and seek _____ goals. |
organized; political |
Outside lobbying does not include |
developing and maintaining close contacts with policymakers. |
During his visit to this country in the 1830s, Alexis de Tocqueville described the United States as "a nation of |
joiners |
Critics of pluralist theory argue that |
there is no collective interest in a system where each special interest determines which policy benefits it receives. |
Some groups pursue public or collective goods. A public good is one that |
cannot be selectively granted or denied to individuals; it must be shared. |
There are roughly _____ political action committees (PACs) in the United States. |
4000 |
In the dynamics of an iron triangle, what benefit do interest groups provide to friendly bureaucratic agencies? |
lobbying support for agency programs |
Interest group liberalism refers to |
the disproportionate influence of interest groups over policy in their respective areas of concern. |
Most lobbyists receive support from elected officials in direct exchange for |
information |
According to James Madison, the source of most interest groups or factions is |
the unequal distribution of property. |
The most significant resource that most groups offer congressional candidates is |
money |
The limits of interest groups’ influence might be gauged by the Democratic backlash against the _____, which had tried to block NAFTA in 1993. |
AFL-CIO |
A purposive incentive is defined as |
the opportunity to promote a worthwhile public cause. |
The most fully organized interests are those that represent |
business |
Under federal law, PACs can contribute _____ per candidate per election. |
$5,000 |
AP Gov Ch. 9
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