|
In Barron v. Baltimore, the Supreme Court held that the Bill of Rights limits __________, not __________, action.
Select one:
a. state, local
b. federal, state and local
c. local, state
d. federal, local
e. state, federal
|
b
|
|
When a defendant in a criminal case agrees to plead guilty in exchange for concessions from the prosecutor, the case has been resolved by what?
Select one:
a. plea bargaining
b. exclusionary rule
c. peremptory challenge
d. civil trial
e. unfair application
|
a
|
|
Gitlow v. New York, in which the Supreme Court held that freedom of speech and of the press are fundamental liberties protected by the Fourteenth Amendment from impairment by the states, began the development of the doctrine of __________.
Select one:
a. incorporation
b. establishment
c. free exercise
d. eminent domain
e. full faith and credit
|
a
|
|
The doctrine of prior restraint prevents the government from prohibiting speech or publication __________.
Select one:
a. before the fact
b. after the fact
c. that is critical of the government
d. that is obscene
e. that is illegal
|
a
|
|
Which Supreme Court case developed the exclusionary rule?
Select one:
a. Mapp v. Ohio
b. Wolf v. Colorado
c. Gideon v. Wainwright
d. Parker v. Gideon
e. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
|
a
|
|
Near v. Minnesota was a landmark Supreme Court case involving which of the following?
Select one:
a. selective incorporation doctrine
b. due process clause
c. exclusionary rule
d. free exercise clause
e. prior restraint
|
e
|
|
During World War I, the Supreme Court upheld the conviction of Charles T. Schenck, ruling that government can limit speech that __________.
Select one:
a. creates a clear and present danger
b. is symbolic but obscene
c. is a prior restraint
d. qualifies as hate speech
e. is critical of the government
|
a
|
|
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan held that there must be proof of which of the following in order to find libel against a public figure?
Select one:
a. an audience
b. a written record
c. actual harm
d. property loss
e. actual malice
|
e
|
|
The free exercise clause guarantees that the national government will not interfere with which of the following?
Select one:
a. religion
b. business
c. speech
d. finance
e. education
|
a
|
|
Which amendment forbids coercion in the form of entrapment?
Select one:
a. Eighth
b. Tenth
c. Second
d. First
e. Fifth
|
e
|
|
Which of the following generally is unconstitutional in school?
Select one:
a. prayer
b. a weapon
c. punishment
d. free speech
e. fighting
|
a
|
|
Civil liberties are __________ that the government cannot take away.
Select one:
a. recognitions of equality
b. religious freedoms
c. protections
d. property rights
e. business rights
|
c
|
|
The USA Patriot Act enhances the government’s ability to do which of the following?
Select one:
a. take personal property
b. indict foreign enemies
c. imprison citizens without trial
d. examine private records
e. control public schooling
|
d
|
|
If a police officer has a reasonable belief that someone is committing or about to commit a crime, that officer can stop and frisk the suspect without __________.
Select one:
a. evidence
b. arresting them
c. a witness
d. a warrant
e. their consent
|
d
|
|
The Supreme Court has aroused the wrath of many Americans with rulings like that in Engel v. Vitale regarding which controversial religious issue?
Select one:
a. displays of religious symbols on government buildings
b. teaching of evolution in school
c. displays of religious symbols during holidays
d. recitation of prayer and Bible passages in school
e. use of public funds in religious organizations
|
d
|
|
Which test examines the constitutionality of religious establishments?
Select one:
a. Due Process
b. Lemon
c. Free Exercise
d. Orange
e. Prior Restraint
|
b
|
|
The double jeopardy clause prevents an individual who is acquitted of a crime from which of the following?
Select one:
a. going free
b. seeking the assistance of an attorney
c. being tried again
d. media coverage
e. asserting innocence
|
c
|
|
A false written statement is __________; the same statement spoken aloud is __________.
Select one:
a. slander, defamation
b. defamation, slander
c. libel, defamation
d. libel, slander
e. slander, libel
|
d
|
|
What do proponents of the Guantanamo Bay detention facility call its prisoners?
Select one:
a. war criminals
b. enemy troops
c. foreign aggressors
d. enemy combatants
e. prisoners of war
|
d
|
|
What does the Sixth Amendment guarantee to those accused of a crime?
Select one:
a. assistance of counsel
b. access to law books
c. assistance by the press
d. a written indictment
e. a jury trial
|
a
|
|
Which clause prevents the national government from sanctioning an official religion?
Select one:
a. equal protection
b. free exercise
c. full faith and credit
d. due process
e. establishment
|
e
|
|
The incorporation doctrine makes the protections from the Bill of Rights applicable to the states through which of the following amendments?
Select one:
a. Fifth
b. Sixth
c. Fourth
d. Tenth
e. Fourteenth
|
e
|
|
Which of the following rights has the Supreme Court found to be one of the penumbra of unstated liberties linked to explicitly stated rights?
Select one:
a. right to vote
b. right to travel
c. right to have a family
d. right to marry
e. right to privacy
|
e
|
|
According to Roe v. Wade, what could the state do if a woman wanted to obtain an abortion in her first trimester?
Select one:
a. The state could regulate it to protect the woman’s health.
b. The state could ban it.
c. The state could not exercise any control over it.
d. The state could regulate it if the mother’s life was in danger.
e. The state could ban the abortion unless the mother’s life was in danger.
|
c
|
|
Prohibiting a newspaper from publishing a story critical of the government is example of what kind of law?
Select one:
a. prior restraint
b. content-based
c. civil
d. viewpoint-based
e. criminal
|
a
|
|
The Constitution protects against search of an individual’s person, home, or vehicle without __________.
Select one:
a. a good reason
b. due process
c. compensation
d. a warrant
e. permission
|
d
|
|
Which of the following created the right to privacy?
Select one:
a. the Constitution
b. the judiciary
c. the legislature
d. the executive branch
e. the Bill of Rights
|
b
|
|
Which rule bars the use of illegally seized evidence at trial?
Select one:
a. double jeopardy
b. prior restraint
c. hate speech
d. exclusionary
e. right to pay
|
d
|
|
Miranda rights include the right to which of the following?
Select one:
a. be free from search and seizure
b. counsel
c. due process
d. a jury trial
e. a phone call
|
b
|
|
The civil rights movement pushed for racial equality. When did this movement begin?
Select one:
a. during Reconstruction
b. in the 1950s
c. immediately after the Civil War
d. during the early 1900s
e. after passage of the Equal Rights Amendment
|
b
|
|
In the 1857 Scott v. Sandford decision, an important milestone on the road to Civil War, the Supreme Court held which of the following?
Select one:
a. Black men were to be allowed certain rights, whether they were free or were slaves, and Congress had a right to ban slavery in western territories.
b. A black man, whether slave or free, had no rights, and Congress had no power to ban slavery in western territories.
c. A free black man had rights, but a slave did not, and Congress had no power to ban slavery in any territory.
d. No black men were to be accorded any rights until Congress had banned slavery, which it had the power to do but had not yet done.
e. Free black men had certain rights, but slaves did not, and Congress had the power to ban slavery, but only in the western territories.
|
b
|
|
Which of the following affirmative action programs would be a clear violation of the Supreme Court’s decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)?
Select one:
a. considering applicants’ academic and extracurricular achievements
b. considering how an applicant would contribute to the diversity of the university
c. admitting some minority applicants with lower academic achievement than some rejected white applicants
d. setting aside a certain percentage of admissions slots for African American students
e. considering race as a factor in university admissions decisions
|
d
|
|
When did women win the guaranteed right to vote?
Select one:
a. when the Constitution was adopted
b. during the Civil War
c. immediately after the Civil War
d. decades after black males won the right to vote
e. at the same time that black males won the right to vote
|
d
|
|
What did the Supreme Court decide in Korematsu v. United States (1944) regarding the internment of those with Japanese ancestry living in the United States?
Select one:
a. It was unconstitutional, but it was too late to do anything about it.
b. It was permissible because the United States was at war with Japan.
c. It did not pass the inherently suspect test, and the internment was promptly terminated.
d. It was permissible because it only applied to noncitizens.
e. It was unconstitutional, and Japanese Americans must be duly compensated.
|
b
|
|
Which of these does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban?
Select one:
a. affirmative action
b. poll taxes and grandfather clauses
c. discrimination based on sexual orientation
d. nonviolent resistance
e. discrimination in public accommodations
|
e
|
|
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the "Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell" policy?
Select one:
a. Barack Obama initiated the policy as a goodwill gesture to the gay and lesbian community.
b. It prevented the military from discharging gay and lesbian soldiers.
c. It prevented gays and lesbians from serving in the military.
d. It prohibited gay and heterosexual soldiers from discussing their sexual activity.
e. It required gay and lesbian soldiers to keep quiet about their sexual orientation.
|
e
|
|
Who had to pay poll taxes?
Select one:
a. voters
b. nonvoters
c. losing candidates
d. county clerks
e. winning candidates
|
a
|
|
For which of the following would the Supreme Court most likely apply an "intermediate scrutiny" standard of review to determine whether the policy is an unconstitutional violation of the equal protection clause?
Select one:
a. preventing whites from attending schools designed to serve African American students
b. having different minimum ages for men and women to marry
c. requiring government contractors to have a racially diverse workforce
d. prohibiting Jewish people from becoming members of a club
e. refusing to promote a Latino woman when she is the most qualified of candidates
|
b
|
|
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is most likely to fight to reduce which of the following?
Select one:
a. racism
b. sexism
c. affirmative action
d. sodomy
e. job training programs
|
a
|
|
What did the Supreme Court determine was unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education?
Select one:
a. integrated schools
b. poll taxes
c. school busing
d. segregation of schools
e. unequal school funding
|
d
|
|
In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), the Supreme Court determined that __________ were unconstitutional.
Select one:
a. all forms of affirmative action
b. grandfather clauses
c. Jim Crow laws
d. poll taxes
e. racial quotas
|
e
|
|
Which of the following accommodations would an employer most likely have to make to be in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act?
Select one:
a. installing a ramp and other physical accommodations for someone who uses a wheelchair
b. lowering expectations for the quality of work performed by employees with disabilities
c. providing better medical insurance for employees who have a disability
d. ensuring that employees who use a wheelchair have jobs that shield them from public contact
e. hiring a disabled person instead of an equally qualified person without a disability
|
a
|
|
What was the basis for the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities?
Select one:
a. Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce, which is regulated by Congress; there is no provision in federal law that prohibits segregation.
b. Each state has the right to interpret the Constitution as it sees fit, as long as the interpretation is "reasonable and without malice."
c. Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they did not immigrate to the United States willingly.
d. Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they were considered property under the law.
e. The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law.
|
e
|
|
What is the source of de facto segregation and discrimination?
Select one:
a. affirmative action
b. law
c. the Constitution
d. Congress
e. practice
|
e
|
|
In Dred Scott v. Sandford, the Supreme Court declared that African-Americans were __________.
Select one:
a. separate but equal
b. citizens
c. chattel
d. eligible to vote
e. free
|
c
|
|
What was the objective of the women’s suffrage movement?
Select one:
a. equal pay for equal worth
b. the right to an abortion
c. the right to own property
d. the right to vote
e. broad gender equality
|
d
|
|
Which of the following is an example of de jure segregation?
Select one:
a. the small number of African American senators
b. Jim Crow laws
c. sequestering the jury in order to ensure a fair trial
d. Title IX legislation
e. the tendency for churches to be racially homogeneous
|
b
|
|
The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees citizens the right to vote regardless of __________.
Select one:
a. property ownership
b. age
c. involvement in insurrection
d. race
e. gender
|
d
|
|
What provision of the Fourteenth Amendment serves as a cornerstone of our understanding of civil rights?
Select one:
a. the privileges and immunities clause
b. the grandfather clause
c. the Equal Rights Amendment
d. the equal protection clause
e. the all men are created equal clause
|
d
|
|
Which of the following laws would be the most likely to be reviewed under the "intermediate scrutiny" standard by the Supreme Court when determining its constitutionality?
Select one:
a. African Americans and whites must be given equal access to the public school system, including extracurricular activities.
b. Businesses cannot discriminate against gays and lesbians in hiring and promotion decisions.
c. Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is a racial minority whenever at least 10 percent of the bidders are minority-owned businesses.
d. Male and female student athletes cannot compete on the same basketball team at the university level.
e. Those without a college degree are not eligible for upper-level civil service jobs.
|
d
|
|
Which of the following situations would most likely be a violation of Title IX?
Select one:
a. an employer who systematically pays women less than men for doing comparable work
b. an election jurisdiction that does not provide bilingual ballots when there is a large bilingual community
c. a legal prohibition on hiring women for positions that are known to be hazardous to women’s reproductive health
d. a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women
e. job applications that are not made accessible to the blind
|
d
|
|
Why did southern states enact poll taxes?
Select one:
a. to ensure that only people who really want to vote would do so
b. because literacy is necessary for democracy to function
c. to enfranchise former slaves
d. to raise revenue for the government
e. to get around the Fifteenth Amendment
|
e
|
|
If you thought you were getting an inferior public education because of your ethnicity, which part of the Constitution would you rely on most heavily to justify your case?
Select one:
a. the Equal Rights Amendment
b. the First Amendment
c. the Nineteenth Amendment
d. the Fourteenth Amendment
e. the Thirteenth Amendment
|
d
|
|
In the South after Reconstruction, what did the Democratic Party use to prevent African Americans from having a meaningful impact on the outcome of elections?
Select one:
a. Jim Crow laws
b. affirmative action
c. majority-minority districts
d. whites-only primaries
e. de facto segregation/discrimination
|
d
|
|
The Tailhook Association’s 1991 convention became notorious for __________.
Select one:
a. voter protection policies
b. sexual harassment
c. gerrymandering
d. racial profiling
e. discrimination against African Americans
|
b
|
|
What strategy did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) use most effectively to advance civil rights for African Americans?
Select one:
a. boycotts
b. protests
c. marches and rallies
d. litigation
e. nonviolent resistance
|
d
|
|
What was the primary focus at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention for activists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucretia Mott?
Select one:
a. ending the Civil War
b. rights for former slaves
c. the New Deal
d. women’s rights
e. the prohibition of alcohol
|
d
|
|
The Fourteenth Amendment attempted to guarantee which of the following to former slaves?
Select one:
a. forty acres of farmland and a mule
b. free university education
c. debt forgiveness
d. economic equality with whites
e. citizenship rights
|
e
|
|
If a group of people were systematically discriminated against in the past, which of the following would constitute an affirmative action policy designed as a remedy to help the members of this group overcome the legacy of discrimination?
Select one:
a. a college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group
b. a policy that gives extra weight to votes cast by members of the group
c. a hiring policy that favors those with relatives working in government
d. requiring all applicants for government jobs to have at least two years of prior experience
e. a color-blind job application process to give members of this group an equal chance
|
a
|
|
During the ten years after the Civil War, the strict conditions imposed by Congress on the former Confederate states about who could be seated as representatives and senators allowed which of the following to happen?
Select one:
a. Many African American men were allowed to hold state and federal offices in the North, but were banned from offices in the South because of segregation laws.
b. Some African American men and women held state and federal offices.
c. Many African American men held state and federal offices.
d. A few African American men began to run for state and federal offices, but most were not successful.
e. Most African American men were banned from political offices because they came from southern states.
|
c
|
