|
Interest |
an extra sum of money that borrowers have to repay creditors in return for the loan |
|
Jay’s Treaty |
Treaty signed in 1794 between the US and bBritain in which Britain sought to improve trade relations and agreed to withdraw from forts in the northwest territory. |
|
loose construction |
belief that the government can do anything that the constitution does not prohibit |
|
neutral |
not taking sides in a conflict or dispute |
|
strict construction |
belief that the goavernment should not do anything that the constitution does not specifically say it can do |
|
tariff |
tax on foreign goods imported into a country |
|
Battle of New Orleans |
battle in 1815 between american and british troops for control of New Orleans, ending in an american victory |
|
depression |
a severe economic downturn marked by a decrease in business activity, widespread unemployment, and falling prices and wages |
|
impressments |
policy of forcing people into military or public service |
|
Missouri Compromise |
1820 agreement calling for the admission of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and outlawing slavery in future states to be created North of 36 30 N lattitude |
|
Treaty of Ghent |
agreement, signed in 1814, that ended the War of 1812 |
|
amend |
to revise |
|
checks and balances |
system in which each of the branches of the federal government can check the actions of the other branches |
|
federal system of government |
a system in which power is shared among state and national authorities |
|
separation of power |
the constitutional allotting of power within the federal government among the legislative, executive, a judicial branches |
|
Three-Fifths Compromise |
Compromise at the Constitutional Convention calling for three-fifths of a states slave population to be countd for the purposes of legislative representation |
|
veto |
to prevent from becoming a law |
|
popular sovereignty |
policy of letting the people in a territory decide whether slavery would be allowed there |
|
Fugitive Slave Act |
part of the compromise of 1850, a law ordering all citizens of the US to assist in the return of of escapeed slaves |
|
Kansas-Nebraska Act |
1854 law that called for the creation of these two new territories, and stated that the citizens in each territory should decide whether slavery would be allowed there |
|
Upper South |
designation used in the civil war encompassing the staes of virginia, north carolina, tennessee, arkansas |
|
Confederate States of American |
association of seven seceding southern states, formed in 1861 |
|
prejudice |
an unreasonable, usually unfavorale opinion of another group |
|
nativism |
a policy of favoring native-born americans over immigrants |
|
secessionist |
person who wanted the south to secede |
|
Compromise of 1850 |
agreement designed to ease tensions caused by the expansion of slavery into western territories |
|
Border states |
in the civil war the states between the north and the south: delaware, mayland, kentucky, and missouri |
|
annex |
to join or attach, as in the joining of a new territoy to an existing country |
|
republican virtues |
virtues the american people would need to govern themselves, such as self-reliance, industry, frugality, harmony, and the ability to sacrifice individual needs for the communtiy |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
contraband |
items seized from the enemy during wartime |
|
greenbacks |
name given to the national paper |
|
Emancipation Proclamation |
a presendential decree, by President Lincoln, effective Jan. 1, 1863, that freed slaves in Conferderate held territory |
|
writ of habeas corpus |
legal protection requiring that a court determine whether a person is lawfully imprisioned |
|
anti-Federalist |
opponents of the Constitution: opposed the concept of a strong central government |
|
Bill of Rights |
first ten amendments to the constituion |
|
faction |
group organized around a common interest and concerned only with furthering that interest |
|
Federalist |
supporters of the constitution during the debate over its ratification; favored a strong national government |
|
ratify |
approve or sanction |
|
John C. Calhoun |
Senator of South Carolina that declared that the south would not give up its liberty to save the union |
|
Robert E. Lee |
general of confederate forces during the civil war |
|
John Brown |
An abolitionist that led the attack on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia |
|
Jefferson Davis |
elected president of the confederate states of america; from mississippi |
|
Stephen Douglas |
senator of illinios who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 |
|
Henry Clay |
He proposed to congress the compromise of 1850; the senator of kentucky |
|
Abraham Lincoln |
He opposed slavery on moral grounds in debates with Stephen Douglas; a republican; became 16th president of the US |
|
Charles Sumner |
Senator of Massachusetts who gave a powerful antislavery speech entitled ”The Crime Against Kansas” in congress |
|
John C. Fremont |
He helped to defeat the Mexican army in california |
|
William Henry Seward |
republican antislavery leader during the 1860s; acquired Alaska in 1867 as Secretary of State |
|
Roger Taney |
chief justice of the supreme court who wrote an opinion in the 1857 Dred Scott case that declared the Missouri compromise unconstitutional |
|
REPEAT |
REPEAT |
|
REPEAT |
REPEAT |
|
REPEAT |
REPEAT |
|
REPEAT |
REPEAT |
|
Great Plains |
vast grassland between the mississippi river and the rocky mountains |
|
Texas War for Independence |
successful revolt by texans against mexican rule in 1835-1836 |
|
Battle of the Alamo |
capture by mexican troops of a texas held mission in san antonio in 1836 |
|
nomads |
people who move their homes regulary usually in serach of available food sources |
|
presidios |
fort built in southwest by spanish |
|
pass |
a low place in a mountain range that allowes travelers to cross over the other side |
|
manifest destiny |
argrument that it was the undeniable fate of the US to expand across North America |
|
cede |
to surrender officailly or unformaly |
|
mountain men |
an american fur trader who explored the rocky mountains and regions farther west in the early 1800s |
|
trans-Appalachia |
area west of the appalacian mountans |
|
REPEAT |
REPEAT |
|
Gadsden Purchase |
1853 purchase by the US of southwestern lands from mexico |
|
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
treaty signed in 1848 by the Us and Mexico, ending the mexico war |
|
REPEAT |
REPEAT |
|
agenda |
list of items to accomplish |
|
bureaucracy |
departments that make up a large organization, such as the government |
|
embargo |
a ban or restriction on trade |
|
Louisiana Purchase |
Purchase by the US of the Louisiana territoy form France in 1803 |
|
Lewis and Clark expedition |
journey by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark through the Louisiana territory from 1804-1806 |
|
constitution |
a written plan of government |
|
executive branch |
the part of the government that executes, or carries out laws |
|
judicial branch |
the part of the government that decides if laws have been broken |
|
legislative branch |
the part of a government that makes the laws |
|
republic |
government run by the people through their elected representatives |
|
specie |
gold or silver coin |
|
McCulloch vs. Maryland |
"Bank of the US Case" A Maryland law required federally chartered banks to use only a specail paper to print money, which amounted to a tax. McCulloh, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the bank, refused to use the paper, claiming that states could not tax the federal government. The court declared the Maryland Law unconstitutional. |
|
Dartmouth College vs. Woodward |
get |
|
Gibboins vs. Ogden |
This case examined the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce. |
|
Monroe Doctrine |
policy of president James Monroe stating that the US would consider any European interference in the nations of the Americas as an unfriendly act |
|
Indian Removal Act |
1830 Law calling for the president to give Native Americans land in parts of the Louisiana Purchase in exchange for Land taken from them in the East. |
|
Trail of Tears |
forced march of 15,000 Cherokee from their homes in the southeast to western reservations from 1837 to 1838 |
|
spoils system |
patronage system under president Andrew Jackson |
|
Tariff of 1828 |
A high tariff on imports that benefited the industrial North while forcing Southerners to pay higher prices on manufactured goods; called the "Tariff of Abominations" by south |
|
secede |
formally withdraw from a political organization; southern states seceded from the US to form the confederacy in late 1860 and early 1861 |
|
abolitionist movement |
Movement to end slavery |
|
emancipation |
the freeing of enslaved people |
|
Underground Railroad |
network of people who helped fugitives from slaverey excape into the north and canada |
|
gag rule |
rule passed in 1836 by southern representatives in congress that prevented antislavery petitions form being considered by the house for eight years |
|
REPEAT |
REPEAT |
|
REPEAT |
REPEAT |
|
Lower South |
states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina |
|
REPEAT |
REPEAT |
|
Fort Sumter |
Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War |
|
transcendentalism |
intellectual and philosophical movement of the mid-1800s esserting that the nature of reality can be learned only by intuition rather than through experience |
|
temperance movement |
campaign against alcohol consumption; began as part of the middle-class reform movements of the 1800s |
|
segregate |
Forced separation, often times by race |
|
abstinence |
refraining from some activity, such as drinking |
|
utopian community |
small societies whose members seek perfect social and political conditions |
|
Alien and Sedition Acts |
acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government |
|
nullification |
a states refusal to recognize or uphold a federal law |
|
XYZ affair |
incident of the late 1790s in which French secret agents demanded a bribe and a loan to France in lieu of negotiating a dispute over the Jay Treaty and other issues |
|
Virginia and Kentucky resolution |
Resolutions passed in 1798 that attacked the Alien and Sedition Acts as being unconstitutional |
|
administration |
a presidents term in office, or the group of officials that makes up the executive branch, including the president |
|
Cabinet |
heads of the major departments of the US governement who advise the President |
|
domestic affairs |
Issues relating to a country’s internal matters |
|
inauguration |
official swearing-in ceremony |
|
precedent |
custom arising from previous practice rather than a written law |
Share This
Flashcard
