Abnormal Psychology Final- Chapter 17

Surveys show that ________ is a common experience for close to half all children in the United States

worry

A particular concern among children and adolescents would be:

bullying

For which of the following anxiety disorders would you expect the childhood pattern to be MOST similar to the adult pattern?

phobias

Behavioral and somatic symptoms, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, and stomach pain rather than cognitive ones, are MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders:

in children rather than in adults

A similarity among children with separation anxiety and those with school refusal is that they both fear going to school and often stay home. The difference in the symptoms of these diagnoses is that:

school refusal often involves fear of others at school, academic fear, and separation anxiety

Hormonal changes, life demands, and body dissatisfaction are all reasons to explain why:

postpubertal girls have higher rates of depression than postpubertal boys

Imagine a child who neglects studies, work, friends, and family in order to be on the Internet. Which of the following about Internet addiction disorder is FALSE?

There is no such diagnosis as Internet addiction disorder

The MAIN concern over the rise in diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children, and in particular, the treatment of bipolar disorder in children is:

the use of adult medications

Critics believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all diagnosis for children who display uncontrollable rage. DSM-5 addressed this concern by:

creating a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation

A child is openly hostile toward her parents. She argues with them constantly and will not do anything they say. They cannot control her. The diagnosis she is MOST likely to receive is:

oppositional defiant disorder

Boys and girls have about the same percentage chance of being diagnosed with:

oppositional defiant disorder if they are postpubertal

A child is extremely aggressive. She is always fighting with her peers and is frequently very cruel to them. She never tells the truth. He MOST likely diagnosis is:

conduct disorder

"That kid is pleasant enough, but will lie about practically anything, even things that don’t seem to matter much." This behavior MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder?

overt-nondestructive

"Relational aggression" is a term used to describe a pattern of aggression MOST common among:

girls diagnosed with conduct disorder

A 16-year-old teenager has just been arrested for the third time for shoplifting. He would MOST likely be labeled with:

juvenile delinquency

An intervention in which parents and their children who have been diagnosed with conduct disorder do behavior therapy targeting and rewarding desired behavior is called:

parent management training

Among the goals of parent-child interaction therapy are all of the following EXCEPT:

encouraging parents to not change how they act with their child

"Will that program really help? I keep hearing bad things about how kids act once they leave." Based on research, the person who said this would be MOST accurate if she or he were expressing reservations about:

a juvenile training center

If your child is diagnosed with a conduct disorder, you could be confident in providing all of the following treatments EXCEPT:

juvenile training centers

Imagine that you see a video on YouTube designed to encourage young people who are gay and being bullied. It is probably part of a program called:

It Gets Better

A preadolescent child who has not received a clinical diagnosis participates in a program designed to stop the development of an antisocial pattern of behavior. MOST likely, that program is:

Scared Straight

A child’s distracting behaviors occur only in a school setting, and include failure to following instructions and finish work, answering questions before they have been completed, and a lot of seat squirming and fidgeting. Could ADHD be a diagnosis of this child?

No; the child’s symptoms occur in only one setting

The two MOST common treatments for attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder have been:

behavioral and drug therapies

Among the likely causes of ADHD are all of the following EXCEPT:

abnormal serotonin activity and parietal damage

"What should I look for in an effective ADHD treatment program?" a friend asks. Your BEST answer among the following alternatives is:

"Drugs work best."

Compared to white American children, African American and Hispanic American children with similar levels of activity and attention problems are:

less likely to be assessed for ADHD, and less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD

Of the following parents, the ones LEAST likely to have children who receive effective treatment for ADHD are:

African Americans who are Medicaid-insured

Two children — one, African-American and the other, white American — display exactly that same symptoms of overactivity. What is MOST likely to happen?

The white American will be diagnosed with ADHD, and the African American will be diagnosed with possibly a lower IQ or substance abuse

Elimination disorders are diagnosed when which of the following criteria has been met?

The children have reached an age at which they are expected to control their bodily functions

A child awakens suddenly to the sound of a bell, and heads for the bathroom. MOST likely the child is receiving:

behavioral therapy for enuresis

A child is awakened during the night, uses the toilet, and receives a sticker and praise from a parent. Later in the week, accumulated stickers may be turned in for a highly desired toy. This child is undergoing:

dry-bed training for enuresis

You read a case study about a ten-year-old girl from a poor background who was sexually abused. This case is:

fairly common; girls, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse

The MOST common and successful treatments for encopresis are:

behavioral and medical treatments

Your daughter is MORE likely than your son to be diagnosed with:

separation anxiety

A female child is diagnosed with autism. Later, as an adult, she is unable to hold a job and has very limited communication skills. Her case is:

uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood

The mockingbird gets its name from the fact that it often imitates the call of other birds, without conveying any particular message. A child who imitates others’ speech without any sign of understanding it, MOST likely would be diagnosed with:

autism spectrum disorder

When a child with autism spectrum disorder says "You want a drink when he really means that he wants a drink, he is displaying

pronominal reversal

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may react with tantrums if an object is moved to a different part of the room. This is known as:

perserveration of sameness

When a child with autism spectrum disorder jumps, flaps her arms, twists her hands and fingers and makes unusual faces, the child is engaging in:

self-stimulatory behavior

According to one psychological view of autism, the awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own belief, and not on information they have no way of knowing, is NOT present in children with autism spectrum disorder. This inability is called:

a theory of mind

Research has shown that, during infancy and early childhood, autistic children are MORE likely to:

have parents who divorce than are "normal" children be raised in a family with financial difficulties have cold, rejecting parents None of the answers are true

Imagine that I just stubbed my toe and cried "Ouch." A child with autism, when asked if I was hurt, said, "No," because he wasn’t hurt. This inability to take the perspective of another is referred to as:

mind-blindness

The MOST recent research has provided evidence that the primary causes of autism spectrum disorder include:

brain abnormalities

A person diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder listens to a piano piece at a concert. Later at home, the person plays the piano piece without the music, and without making a mistake. This behavior is best described as a:

savant skill

Studies of the one use of cognitive-behavioral techniques in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder have shown that cognitive-behavioral techniques can produce:

long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance

The LEAP program for treating children with autism spectrum disorder is unique because it involves the use of:

typical children as models and "teachers"

What is the BEST educational treatment for a child with a serious level of dysfunction on the autism spectrum?

being sent to a special school that combines treatment and education

Which one of the following people would MOST correctly be diagnosed with intellectual developmental disorder?

one with an IQ of 69 having problems coping with life

A reading proficiency level that is much lower than would be expected based on the measure of general intelligence is called:

dyslexia

The specific symptoms associated with dyslexia include:

an impairment of the ability to recognize words and to comprehend what is being read

A child has has received the diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder. You would expect that he would have a problem:

buttoning his shirt and dressing in general

Quentin is 25, has an IQ of 60, and never did well at schoolwork. However, he now lives on his own, has a job, and is able to perform the routine chores of life. He would not be considered to have intellectual developmental disorder because:

his daily functioning is adequate

Intelligence test results should not be the only things used to determine intellectual developmental disorder, because intelligence test scores:

don’t indicate level of adaptive behavior

Mild mental retardation is MOST common in which socioeconomic class?

lower

MOST cases of mild intellectual developmental disorder seem to be related to:

sociocultural and psychological factors

Early home intervention programs for those in the "mild" intellectual developmental disorder category:

improve both overall functioning, and later performance in school and in adulthood

If one knew nothing more than that the person with intellectual developmental disorder also had extensive and severe neurological dysfunction and physical handicaps, the MOST likely estimate of that person’s level of mental retardation would be:

severe or profound

Biological factors are NOT the most important causes of which level of intellectual developmental disorder?

mild

Paula was moderate intellectual developmental disorder, a small head and flat face, as well as a protruding tongue. Her condition is MOST likely:

Down syndrome

Individuals with Down syndrome:

have the same range of personality characteristics as do those in the general population without Down syndrome

An infant is diagnosed with a biological disorder. As she ages, her physical and mental conditions deteriorate steadily so that she loses vision and motor control, and at the age of 3, she dies. Most likely, she was suffering from:

Tay-Sachs disease

An iodine deficiency in the diet of a pregnant woman may lead to a condition in which the baby was dwarflike appearance and a defective thyroid gland. The disorder is called:

cretinism

Most colleges and universities now require students to have a meningitis vaccination before enrolling. Untreated meningitis can lead to:

intellectual development disorder

In poor inner-city neighborhoods, children sometimes eat paint that is flaking off walls. This can sometimes lead to intellectual developmental disorder due of:

lead poisoning

MOST children with intellectual developmental disorder live:

at home

A woman in a facility for those with intellectual developmental disorder. She has her own apartment, dresses herself, and goes to the dining room, where she orders breakfast off a menu. She then goes to work in a sheltered workshop. At the end of the day, she goes home to her apartment and gets ready for dinner. This arrangement is part of:

a normalization program