Abnormal Psych. 12

The perceptual distortions some drugs produce are called:

Hallucinosis

A college professor’s work performance recently has deteriorated, and his colleagues find him difficult to talky to. If this is due to a problem with drugs, the best description of this professor’s behavior as detailed above would be:

Substance abuse

The long-term pattern of maladaptive behavior caused by the regular use of some chemical or drug is called:

Substance abuse

Intoxication is actually a form of:

Poisoning

A person who experiences vomiting and shaking when he tried to stop drinking alcohol has developed:

Withdrawal reactions

A newly developed drug causes users to lose some muscle control and slur their words, The drug also results in a slowing of central nervous system activity. MOST likely this drugs is a:

Depressant

If all you know about someone is that the person has been binge drinking in the past month, then you know the person had at least:

Five drinks at a time at least once, and probably is a male

Women tolerate alcohol LESS well than men because:

They have less of a stomach enzyme that breaks down alcohol

Im women, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is found at:

Lower levels in the stomach, making them more susceptible to getting drunk

A person has ingested enough ethyl alcohol to lose consciousness, but not enough to produce death. The MOST probable alcohol concentration in that person, expressed as a percent of blood volume, is:

.40

Pat and Jody each have five screwdrivers (OJ and vodka). Pat gets very drunk. Jody does not. Which of the following is MOST likely to be true?

Pat is a woman, Jody is a man

Two people of the same gender and wight consume the same amount of alcohol int he same amount of alcohol in the same amount of time. Nevertheless, one of them sobers up substantially sooner than the other. MOST likely, this different is due to:

Liver function: some people’s lives metabolize alcohol after than those of others

One study shows that, in "substance-free" dorms, the percent of students who are binge drinkers is:

About one-half the percent of students, nationwide, who are binge drinkers

Considering alcoholism in white American men, African American men, and Hispanic American men, which of the following is MSOT accurate?

The patterns of drinking differ across ethnic group and age

An individual who is dependent on alcohol is experiencing delirium tremens. This reaction is:

Uncommon, starting within three days after an individual stops drinking

In what proportion of suicides and rapes in the United States does alcoholism play a role?

One-third

A patient in an alcohol rehab center tells you a detailed story about growing up in the Tennessee. A day later you visit the patient again, and the patient does not recognize you. Most likely, the patient is suffering fro,:

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Kelly is a long-time serious drinker. In the last year she has started having huge memory lapses. When this happens she makes up wild stories to help her gill in what she does not remember. This symptom is called:

Confabulation

A pattern of abnormalities, head and facial deformities, heart defects, and intellectual development disorder characterizes someone with:

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Barbiturates were first prescribed to help people:

Sleep

Because of the likelihood of convulsions, withdrawal from ____ is especially dangerous

Barbiturates

A wounded veteran of the U.S. Civil War suffering from "soldiers’ disease" MOST likely was suffering from:

Morphine dependence

Of the following, which has the LOWEST risks for drug dependency and long-term behavioral change?

Cannabis

Unlike the opioid drugs morphine and heroin, methadone:

Is synthetic

All the opioid drugs are known collectively as:

Narcotics

The drug that produces effects similar to what neurotransmitters called endorphins produce is:

Heroin

During his first night in the detox unit, Quent developed what seemed like a case of the flu. He ached all over and had diarrhea. He was probably withdrawing from:

Heroin

A heroin overdose is likely to occur when:

One has been without for a period of time and then takes one’s usual dose

A person would be LEAST likely to feel drowsy soon after taking a moderate dose of which type of drug?

Amphetamines

A person who recently injected cocaine reports reaching the peak of euphoria. Usually, that euphoria:

Occurs at about the same time as the peak of dopamine-using neuron activity

Mario felt awake and alive as though he could conquer the world. He MOST likely used:

Cocaine

The proportion of Americans over the are of 11 who smoke is about:

1/3

Methods of supplying nicotine to those who are trying to quit smoking include all of the following except:

The subcutaneous nicotine pump

Free-basng has the effect of making cocaine:

More concentrated

If you were trying to convince a friend not to be a cocaine user, what would you cite as the GREATEST damage stemming from cocaine use?

Overdose effects

Lola’s physician prescribed diet pills. Which of the following drugs are the MOST likely to have contained?

Amphetamines

The "club drug", which damages nerve endings is associated with high rates of HIV-postive tests but which is NOT considered hallucinogenic, is:

Methamphetamine

A person took a drug an hot or two ago. Now the person sits alone, quietly and intensely listening to the sap running in a tree whose leaves appear a brilliant purple to the drug user. MOST likely, the person has recently used:

LSD

A person took a drug at noon. Although remaining awake and alert, the person experiences poor coordination, palpitations, and treaty enhanced visual perceptions. By dinner, the symptoms have pretty well subsided. MOST likely, that person:

Took LSD

At the"rave," a student took a drug that caused a great burst of energy, along with a badly distorted visual experiences. Most likely, the drug the student took was:

Ecstasy

A person who uses the drug Ecstasy at a crowded party begins to feel too hot, and immediately drinks lots of fluids. This person:

May be in trouble; the person may experience hypothermia or water intoxication

The chief danger of LSD use is:

The possibility of very powerful, sometimes negative, reactions

The duration of most of the effects of cannabis is about:

Two to six hours

Marijuana users in the 1960s were less likely to develop drug dependence than users around the year 2000 because the marijuana available in the 1960s had:

Much less THC

Three chronic marijuana users- a "light" user, a "moderate" user, and a "heavy" user- stop using marijuana. Several weeks later, abnormal blood flow, which had occurred in the brains of all three prior to quitting, had MOST likely:

Returned close to normal for the "light" and "moderate" users only, but still remained at abnormal levels for the "heavy" user

If someone opposes the medical use of THC, MOST likely, the person may do so because:

Of legal or moral reasons

Throughout most of the United States, it is illegal to use marijuana, even for medical reasons. Compared to other nations, this is:

Common; most countries do not allow either medical or recreational use of marijuana

Barry drank quite a lot at the biggest party of the year. Later, he had trouble falling asleep, so he took a barbiturate. If he dies from respiratory failure during the night, it is probably because the alcohol and barbiturate had:

A synergistic effect

Polysubstance use involving illegal drugs occurs in what percent of U.S. illegal drug users?

Over 60 percent

Researchers have found that substance use disorders are more common among some religious groups that others, and generally are more common among some groups than among others. Together, these findings provide the MOST support for which view of substance abuse disorders?

Sociocultural

One longitudinal study found that men who developed alcoholism were initially MORE:

Impulsive in adolescence

"Drug dependence may envelop because one finds drug use rewarding when it reduces tension." Which view of substance abuse would MOST agree with this statement?

Behavioral

Daniel, an intravenous heroin user, feels intense cravings when he sees hypodermic needles. This may be an example of:

Classical conditioning

A person with a substance abuse problem has just self-administered by intramuscular injection an overdose of fentanyl, a powerful synthetic narcotic. A potentially fatal side effect of fentanyl overdose is that breathing stops. Assuming the drug would interfere with breathing when it reaches the brain, the person would experience breathing difficulty:

In a few minutes

Assume a researcher finds that overuse of a drug reduces the body’s production on neurotransmitters. Thus, if an abuser of this drug stops taking the drug, withdrawal symptoms occur until the brain begins producing normal levels of neurotransmitters again. Such a finding would most directly support which view of the cause of substance-abuse disorders?

Biochemical

research indicates that the MOST important neurotransmitter in the "pleasure pathway" of the brain is probably:

Dopamine

Is there any explanation of a genetic explanation for substance abuse disorders?

Maybe; those with a substance use disorder are more likely than those without a disorder to have an abnormal D2 receptor gene

A researcher reports that a drug indirectly stimulates a reward center in the brain rather than directly stimulating it. The drug the researcher is studying could be any of the following drugs EXCEPT:

Cocaine

A friend says, "I’m thinking about getting some help for my problem drinking. What’s the most commonly used from of treatment?" Your BEST answer is:

"Self-help groups"

Psychodynamic therapies may not be very effective in the treatment of substance-related disorders because:

Finding the cause of a substance-related disorder is less important than treating the abuse as an independent problem

A client being treated for alcohol abuse receivers just enough a drug called curare to produce temporary paralysis just as that client takes a swig of beer. Presumably, sufficient pairings of paralysis and alcohol will reduce the client’s desire for alcohol. This procedure is called:

Aversion therapy

According to reports about the effectiveness of Drug Courts and Sobriety High problems, how likely are those who complete these programs to violate the law again compared with those who do not complete them?

One-third as likely

Sobriety High and Drug Court programs:

Cost more than regular educational programs, but save society money in the long run

What would those who support the Alcoholics Anonymous approach to treating alcoholism have to say about the cognitive-behaviroal procedure called relapse-prevention training?

They would oppose relapse-prevention training because it does not require sobriety

Detoxification procedures may involve any of the following EXCEPT:

Initially increasing the substance dose to make the substance aversive

The purpose of an antagonist drug is to:

Block or change the effect of an addictive drug

The use of methadone in drug maintenance programs is controversial because methadone;

Produces withdrawal sometimes more difficult than heroin withdrawal

Alcoholics Anonymous supports the belief that alcoholics should:

Cease drinking entirely

Evidence for the effectiveness of self-help programs comes MOSTLY from:

Testimonials from those who have gone through such a program

A clinician wishes to begin a drug abuse prevention campaign in a community. The most important thing the clinician can do is to:

Provide a consistent message across the media about drug abuse

An individual goes to a casino two weekends every year. While there, he usually loses several about gambling. In between casino visits, he neither gambles nor thinks much about gambling. The MOST accurate assessment of this behavior would be:

This behavior is not gambling disorder

Gambling disorder is MOST common among:

Teenagers and college students who are feeling distressed

"I’ve been diagnosed with gambling disorder’"a friend says, and then asks "What theory does the best job of explaining how I developed this disorder?" Based on current research, your BEST answer is:

"No one is really sure; we need more research."

"Internet use disorder" is not in the DSM-5, but if it is included in the next edition, a research-based estimate of the percentage of people in the United States who would fit the diagnostic criteria would be about:

1 percent