Ab Psych Chp 5

Which of the following characterizes the mood-state known as anxiety?

apprehension about the future

Anxiety is closely related to which of the following psychological disorders?

depression

"I’ve got to get out of here right now, or I may not make it!" This statement is most likely to be said by someone experiencing a(n):

fear reaction

The "flight or fight" response that is triggered by anxiety primarily involves the **** nervous system.

autonomic

According to the textbook, the experience of fear can be described as a(n):

immediate emotional reaction to danger

People behave best when they are:

a little anxious

When people are anxious they:

know it is irrational, but can’t help it

Anxiety is thought to be a(n) ***<b> state while fear is more </b>***.

future oriented; immediate

Which of the following is not a basic type of panic attack?

situation inevitable

Fear activates a:

surge of autonomic energy so we can flee

Research suggests that we inherit a tendency to be tense which is:

caused by multiple genes

Which of the following brain areas is not closely associated with anxiety?

hypothalamus

The behavioral inhibition system is activated by signals from the:

brain stem

Research suggests that anxiety is more likely to develop in adults if they:

smoked as a teen

Studies suggest that parents can protect their child from anxiety if they:

let children explore the world and deal with the unexpected

A child who is afraid of dogs because their father was afraid of dogs is said to have a:

specific psychological vulnerability

Research suggests that anxiety and depression frequently:

co-occur

Mrs. Pan has an anxiety disorder in which she has occasional panic attacks when shopping at the mall. This type of panic attack is referred to as:

situationally predisposed

Which type of panic attack is most closely related to phobias?

situationally bound

According to the DSM-IV-TR criteria, the symptoms of a panic attack develop abruptly and reach a peak within **** minute(s).

10

Physiological assessments of panic attacks recorded in the laboratory indicate an increase in all of the following EXCEPT:

stomach contractions

Evidence now suggests that agoraphobic avoidance behavior is one component of:

severe panic attacks

Panic attack studies suggest that men:

consume alcohol to deal with panic attacks

Panic attacks tend to occur most often:

during deep sleep between 1:30 and 3:30 a.m.

People with a psychological vulnerability to panic attacks tend to **** normal physical sensations:

catastrophize

The purpose of creating mini panic attacks in Panic Control Treatment Therapy is to:

allow the patient to develop alternative attitudes about the feared situation

Cognitive behavioral therapy in conjunction with medication tends to **** the effect of a panic attack:

significantly increase

Which of the following is an accurate statement about anxiety?

An inherited tendency can make us tense or uptight.

Which of the following neurotransmitter systems is associated not only with anxiety, but also with depression?

corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) system

The area of the brain most often associated with anxiety is the:

limbic system

According to Jeffrey Gray, a British neuropsychologist, the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) is activated by danger signals ****, resulting in the experience of anxiety.

arising from both the brain stem and the cortex

According to recent research (Johnson et al., 2000), an increased risk of developing anxiety disorders was found among teenagers who:

smoked 20 or more cigarettes daily

The recent research by Johnson et al. (2000) on cigarette smoking by teenagers indicates the possibility that:

sensitivity of brain circuits can be affected by environmental factors

Recent research by Barlow (2002) and others indicates that vulnerability to anxiety disorders is related to:

one’s sense of control over environmental events

At the time of assessment of an anxiety disorder, **** of patients should have at least one other anxiety or depressive disorder.

55%

Which of the following terms is most associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

worry

All of the following are symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) EXCEPT:

hypersomnia

Research studies have found that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is particularly prevalent among:

the elderly

Which physiological measure consistently distinguishes individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) from non-anxious normal subjects?

increased muscle tension

Findings from cognitive science combined with biological data indicate that the developmental model for generalized anxiety disorder includes all of the following EXCEPT:

sense of control over life events

For generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) the typical pharmacological treatment of choice has been the category of drugs known as:

benzodiazepines

Which of the following is the basic syndrome that characterizes every anxiety disorder?

generalized anxiety disorder

People with GAD tend to worry about:

mostly about minor things

Which of the following people living in the United States is most likely to develop GAD?

a 50 year old woman

Research suggests that people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) worry:

without images but try to avoid the associated negative affect

Barlow and others (1992) have developed a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) that helps the patient:

confront anxiety-provoking thoughts and images

Agoraphobic avoidance behavior appears to be determined by:

the extent to which the person expects another panic attack to occur

Which of the following is an accurate statement about panic disorder with or without agoraphobia?

Most individuals with panic disorder will also avoid internal sensations that produce physiological arousal.

Nocturnal panic attacks generally occur when an individual is:

deeply asleep

The phenomenon known as "isolated sleep paralysis" is most likely to occur in **** who suffer from panic disorder.

African-Americans

Agoraphobia, which has come to mean "fear of going out," derives from the Greek word agora, meaning:

marketplace

A teenage girl had recently been having panic attacks while shopping at the mall. She was sitting in her room feeling very depressed. To cheer her up, a friend suggested that they both go to an exercise class. Shortly after the warm-up started, however, she had another panic attack. What is the best explanation for this occurrence?

The physical sensations experienced during exercise had become an internal cue for panic to occur.

An individual who suffers from panic disorder might become anxious about climbing stairs, exercising or being in hot rooms because these activities produce sensations similar to those accompanying a panic attack. In psychological terms, the exercise and hot rooms have become:

conditioned stimuli

In a study on anxiety by Ehlers and Breuer (1992), patients with panic disorder and others in a control group were asked to estimate how fast their hearts were beating. Since individuals with panic disorder pay close attention to their internal somatic sensations, you would correctly predict that they were
**** than the control group in estimating heart rate.

more accurate

In treating panic disorder, all of the following types of medications are used EXCEPT:

opiates

What is one factor that distinguishes between traditional exposure-based treatments for panic disorder and the more recent panic control treatment (PCT) developed at one of Barlow’s clinics?

exposure to the interoceptive sensations associated with panic attacks

Which of the following procedures is NOT part of Barlow’s panic control treatment (PCT)?

reducing agoraphobic avoidance by exposure to feared situations

In a major double-blind NIMH research study looking at the separate and combined effects of both psychological and drug treatments (Barlow et al., 2000), patients were randomized into five different treatment conditions including:

all of these

A relative of yours who suffers from panic disorder asks you what treatment would have the most long-lasting benefits. Since you have just read about the double-blind NIMH research study evaluating psychological treatments with and without medication, you tell your relative to first try:

panic control treatment that includes cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

All of the following are characteristics common to specific phobias EXCEPT:

decreased arousal of the autonomic nervous system

Phobic reactions to all of the following are included in the natural environment subtype of specific phobias with the exception of:

animals

Although blood-injury-injection phobia is one of the specific phobias, it differs in regard to:

blood pressure and heart rate

In the type of specific phobia called "blood-injury-injection," there is an inherited vasovagal response and a tendency to faint due to:

a decrease in blood pressure

Which of the following is NOT an example of a situational phobia?

animal phobia

The main difference between situational phobia and panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) is:

people with situational phobia never experience panic attacks outside the context of the phobic situation

According to your textbook, there are at least three ways of developing a phobia. Which is NOT one of these ways?

having a nightmare about a feared situation

You are told about a child who has shown behavior consistent with "separation anxiety." In order to determine if the child actually has a disorder or whether the behavior is normal, you would first need to know:

the child’s age

Although illness phobia resembles hypochondria, it differs in that persons with illness phobias:

are fearful of acquiring a disease

People with blood-injection-injury phobias tend to respond to such stimuli with:

decreased blood pressure

During the 1990s illness phobia has become more prevalent due the increasing numbers of people who had:

HIV/AIDS

The Latin term globus hystericus is another name for:

choking phobia

A psychological disorder in children characterized by unrealistic and persistent worry that something will happen to the parents and that may result in refusal to leave home is called:

separation anxiety

In the general population approximately **** of people have specific fears severe enough to be diagnosed as phobias.

11%

Which of the following is a correct match between "normal" childhood fears and the approximate age of onset?

age 10: evaluation by others, anxiety over physical appearance

A culture-bound syndrome in Chinese cultures called Pa-leng (or sometimes "frigo phobia") often results in the sufferer:

wearing layers of clothing

According to your textbook, new techniques have made it possible to treat some phobias effectively in one:

year

In regard to treatment of specific phobias, which of the following statements is correct?

Exposure-based exercises actually change brain functioning.

Which of the following would NOT be considered an example of social phobia?

An individual who cannot travel on public transportation without a family member present.

According to research by Kessler et al., (1994), as many as **** of the general population suffer from social phobia at some point in their lives.

13%

Which of the following is the most prevalent psychological disorder in the general population?

social phobia

Unlike most of the anxiety disorders in which female sufferers predominate, the sex ratio is almost equal in:

social phobia

The anxiety disorder called social phobia, involving anxiety about being evaluated or criticized, usually begins during:

adolescence

In Japan, the anxiety syndrome termed taijin kyo fusho involves a fear of:

personally offending others

Research by Lundh (1996) demonstrated that social phobics presented with pictures of faces were more likely to remember **** expressions.

critical and angry

Which of the following drugs received FDA approval in 1999 as a treatment for social phobia?

Paxil

When diagnosing separation anxiety in children, clinicians must:

all of the above

A friend stated that when she went to a clinic, she had to spend 30 to 60 second sessions shaking her head from side to side, spinning in a chair, tensing all her muscles, hyperventilating, or breathing through a narrow straw. She is surprised that you correctly guessed that she is receiving treatment for:

panic disorder

The setting for posttraumatic stress disorder to occur follows an experience accompanied by a triad of feelings, including all of the following EXCEPT:

paranoia

Individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) display a characteristic set of symptoms including all of the following EXCEPT:

decreased startle response and chronic under-arousal

Following the tragedy at the World Trade Center in New York City on 9/11/01, more than 100 children who lived near the scene later developed:

agoraphobia

Which of the following is an accurate statement about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Acute stress disorder was included as a DSM-IV diagnosis so early severe reactions to trauma could receive health insurance coverage for immediate treatment.

In a study by Kilpatrick et al. (1985) concerning women who had experienced traumatic events, the most profound emotional impact, including suicidal ideation or attempts, occurred following:

rape

Veterans returning home to the United States after the end of the war in Vietnam experienced a high rate of posttraumatic stress disorder due in part to:

absence of social support

Although the "alarm reactions" experienced in both PTSD and panic disorder are very similar and result in conditioned responses, in panic disorder the alarm is:

false

Which of the following is an accurate statement about factors affecting treatment for PTSD?

Victims of PTSD often repress memories of the traumatic event.

An individual with acute stress disorder is likely to be exhibiting:

all of the above

Which of the following people is most likely to develop PTSD?

a man who is very angry and blaming about a traumatic experience

Physiologically, PTSD appears to be related to damage to:

the hippocampus which disrupts learning and memory

One difference between panic disorders and PTSD is:

in a panic attack the alarm is false, while in PTSD the initial alarm is true

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is often accompanied by all of the following EXCEPT:

visual hallucinations

Actions, or sometimes thoughts, that an individual with OCD uses to reduce anxiety are called:

rituals

The compulsions that an individual with OCD uses to suppress disastrous consequences or ward off intrusive thoughts can be either:

behavioral or mental

In regard to the anxiety disorder known as OCD, which of the following would NOT be an example of a behavioral compulsion?

counting

In regard to OCD, when the term "magical" is used to refer to compulsive acts, it means:

the compulsions have no logical relation to the obsessions

In a 1986 study by Jenike et al., it was found that the most common obsessions in a group of 100 patients were related to:

contamination

In regard to the obsessions seen in patients with OCD, the term "need for symmetry" refers to:

keeping things in perfect order

In OCD, certain types of obsessions lead to certain types of compulsions. From the following choose the one that is a correct match between an obsession and its consequent rituals.

sexual obsessions: checking

Richard, whose case is described in the textbook, was obsessed with the idea that if he did not eat in a certain ritualistic way, he would become possessed. This is an aspect of OCD that is termed:

magical

In the case of Richard, the patient with OCD described in the textbook, he was compelled to take very small steps as he walked and to look back repeatedly. As with other types of checking compulsions, Richard was trying to:

ward off an imagined disaster

Normal, ordinary people who have occasional intrusive thoughts with bizarre, sexual or aggressive content, would not be considered to have OCD unless they find the thoughts unacceptable or even dangerous and also:

become anxious about having additional intrusive thoughts

In regard to a type of thinking pattern found in some patients with OCD, which of the following would be an example of thought-action fusion?

believing that thinking about an abortion is the moral equivalent of having an abortion

A young child has thoughts about hating her younger brother and wishing he would die. She becomes very anxious about these thoughts because she has developed the idea that if anything really happened to him, it would be her fault. This pattern of thinking is called:

thought-action fusion

Tony has thoughts about hating his younger brother and wishing he would die. He becomes very anxious about these thoughts because he has developed the idea that if anything really happened to his brother, it would be his fault. For no explainable reason, Tony starts mentally counting by odd numbers each time he walks past his brother’s room and discovers that this activity makes him less anxious. Tony’s behavior can be described as:

a mental compulsion developed to neutralize his bad thoughts

What happens when persons with OCD attempt to neutralize or suppress disturbing, intrusive thoughts?

The frequency of the obsessive thoughts increases.

According to several cross-cultural research studies reported in the textbook, the prevalence of OCD is:

very similar across cultures

According to research studies reported in the textbook, persons with OCD who hold fundamentalist religious beliefs often present with:

attitudes of inflated responsibility

The model of the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder suggests that in order for an individual to develop OCD, **** must be present.

both biological and psychological vulnerabilities

In regard to pharmacological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder, the most effective drugs are those that inhibit the reuptake of the neurotransmitter called:

serotonin

The behavioral process in which OCD patients are not permitted to carry out their compulsions while in the presence of the anxiety producing stimulus or situation is called:

exposure and ritual prevention

Which of the following is an example of the treatment technique for OCD called exposure and ritual prevention (ERP)?

Carrie has an obsessive fear of contamination which has led to compulsive hand washing rituals. Her therapist is treating her by making her touch dirty laundry but not allowing her to wash for increasingly longer periods of time afterwards.

Research studies have shown that combining exposure and ritual prevention (ERP) with medication when treating patients with OCD:

does not produce any additional therapeutic advantage

Overall it can be concluded that the combination of medical and psychological interventions for anxiety work:

only as well as the individual treatments

D-cycloserine is a drug that seems to act to work in the:

amygdala to diminish anxiety