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4 Goals of Psychology |
1. Describe- What People Do 2. Predict- What They Will Do Next 3. Explain- Why 4. Alter- Ultimate Goal is to Change People |
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5 Research Methods |
1. Observation 2. Case Study 3. Survey 4.Correlation 5. Experiment |
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3.5 Parts of a Neuron |
1. Dendrite- Receives Information 2. Cell Body- Decides if the Signals Important 3. Axon- Transmits .5 Myelin- Makes the Signal Run Faster |
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Psychoactive Substances |
1.Agonist- Imitation Neurotransmitters 2.Antagonists- Prevent Neurotransmitters 3. Reuptake Blockers/ Inhibitors- Prevents Nuerotransmitters from returning |
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Nervous System |
1. Central Nervous System a. spinal cord b. brain 2. Peripheral Nervous System a. Somatic Division -voluntary muscle activation b. Autonomic Division -Sympathetic Division (Generally Activates: Fight or Flight) -Parasympathetic Division (Generally Inhibits: Rest or Digest) |
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2 Measure of Variability |
1. Range 2. Standard of Deviation |
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Brain |
1. Brainstem (heartbeat, breathing) 2.Cerebellum (coordination, balance) a. hypothalamus- temperature control b. hippocampus- memory c. amygdala- anger fear d. thalamus- senses 3. Cerebrum/ Cerebral Cortex a. occipital lobe- vision b. temporal lobe- language/ hearing c. parietal lobe- body sensation; touch d. frontal lobe- movement, emotions, executive control, judgemet |
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Association/ Classical Learning |
-Pavlov -A causes C A is equal to B therefore B causes C |
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Strength of Conditioning |
– Frequency: Over and OVer -Timing: Both Reinforcement and Punishing should be instant – Intensity: To teach one thing Reinforcements and Punishments should be as large as possible. To teach multiple things, it should be low intensity ex. ‘the look’ -Reliability: (MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR) 1. punishment- 100% of the time 2. reinforements- continuous: to learn intermittent: persist (gradual) |
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Reinforcement |
-Shaping 1. Positive: Give Clean Room= Cash 2. Negative: Take Clean Room= No Chores |
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Punishment |
1. Positive: Give Watching J.S.= Give Chores 2. Negative: Take Watching J.S.= Take Away Phone |
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Discipline |
Reinforcement + Punishment |
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Observational Learning |
-Bandura -We can learn by watching other’s consequences |
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3 measure of Central Tendency |
-mean -median -mode |
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